ЗНО онлайн 2013 року з англійської мови – пробний тест

Read the text below. Match choices (A—H) to advertisements (1—5). There are three choices you do not need to use.

This advertisement is for people who ...

Read the text below. Match choices (A—H) to advertisements (1—5). There are three choices you do not need to use.

This advertisement is for people who ...

Read the text below. Match choices (A—H) to advertisements (1—5). There are three choices you do not need to use.

This advertisement is for people who ...

Read the text below. Match choices (A—H) to advertisements (1—5). There are three choices you do not need to use.

This advertisement is for people who ...

Read the text below. For questions (6-10) choose the correct answer (A, B, C or D).

How to Make an impressive Speech

Having a tough time deciding on what persuasive speech topics to talk about? Don’t sweat it. First, you must know your target audience very well. Know their age, sex. educational attainments and career experiences. Find out what their beliefs, dreams and goals are. What keeps them excited or awake at night? If possible, know their personal, cultural, social, religious and political backgrounds. This will prevent you from saying something that might be offensive to a particular race or culture.

Then, based on the information gathered from your audience, make a list of persuasive speech ideas that might fit their personality, status or background. Remember that the worst thing you could do is deliver a boring speech, so try to come up with controversial yet useful themes. Make persuasive speech topics that will benefit your audience. Remember people are always thinking of "WIIFM" (What’s In It For Me?). If they do not see any good results or advantages for listening to your speech, they will not be interested or responsive.

Choosing your topics, check those items that you either are an authority on or are very familiar with. Your audience will look up to people with authority. If they perceive you as someone who is an expert on a subject, they would be more likely to listen to you and accept your viewpoints.

Do proper research over the Internet and libraries to come up with your persuasive speech ideas. During your research, take note of the most interesting or helpful facts relevant to your audience. Keep an open mind and relate how your research can solve their problems or improve any aspect of their life.

Some people are naturally skeptical, so make your statements well-grounded: gather statistics, facts, presentations, case studies or true stories. Make sure you note the source or reference.

Finding persuasive speech topics is easy if you follow the guidelines above.

According to the text, which is the first thing you should do to impress the audience?

Read the text below. For questions (6-10) choose the correct answer (A, B, C or D).

How to Make an impressive Speech

Having a tough time deciding on what persuasive speech topics to talk about? Don’t sweat it. First, you must know your target audience very well. Know their age, sex. educational attainments and career experiences. Find out what their beliefs, dreams and goals are. What keeps them excited or awake at night? If possible, know their personal, cultural, social, religious and political backgrounds. This will prevent you from saying something that might be offensive to a particular race or culture.

Then, based on the information gathered from your audience, make a list of persuasive speech ideas that might fit their personality, status or background. Remember that the worst thing you could do is deliver a boring speech, so try to come up with controversial yet useful themes. Make persuasive speech topics that will benefit your audience. Remember people are always thinking of "WIIFM" (What’s In It For Me?). If they do not see any good results or advantages for listening to your speech, they will not be interested or responsive.

Choosing your topics, check those items that you either are an authority on or are very familiar with. Your audience will look up to people with authority. If they perceive you as someone who is an expert on a subject, they would be more likely to listen to you and accept your viewpoints.

Do proper research over the Internet and libraries to come up with your persuasive speech ideas. During your research, take note of the most interesting or helpful facts relevant to your audience. Keep an open mind and relate how your research can solve their problems or improve any aspect of their life.

Some people are naturally skeptical, so make your statements well-grounded: gather statistics, facts, presentations, case studies or true stories. Make sure you note the source or reference.

Finding persuasive speech topics is easy if you follow the guidelines above.

According to the text, what do people expect most from your speech?

Read the text below. For questions (6-10) choose the correct answer (A, B, C or D).

How to Make an impressive Speech

Having a tough time deciding on what persuasive speech topics to talk about? Don’t sweat it. First, you must know your target audience very well. Know their age, sex. educational attainments and career experiences. Find out what their beliefs, dreams and goals are. What keeps them excited or awake at night? If possible, know their personal, cultural, social, religious and political backgrounds. This will prevent you from saying something that might be offensive to a particular race or culture.

Then, based on the information gathered from your audience, make a list of persuasive speech ideas that might fit their personality, status or background. Remember that the worst thing you could do is deliver a boring speech, so try to come up with controversial yet useful themes. Make persuasive speech topics that will benefit your audience. Remember people are always thinking of "WIIFM" (What’s In It For Me?). If they do not see any good results or advantages for listening to your speech, they will not be interested or responsive.

Choosing your topics, check those items that you either are an authority on or are very familiar with. Your audience will look up to people with authority. If they perceive you as someone who is an expert on a subject, they would be more likely to listen to you and accept your viewpoints.

Do proper research over the Internet and libraries to come up with your persuasive speech ideas. During your research, take note of the most interesting or helpful facts relevant to your audience. Keep an open mind and relate how your research can solve their problems or improve any aspect of their life.

Some people are naturally skeptical, so make your statements well-grounded: gather statistics, facts, presentations, case studies or true stories. Make sure you note the source or reference.

Finding persuasive speech topics is easy if you follow the guidelines above.

Which topics should be preferred?

Read the text below. For questions (6-10) choose the correct answer (A, B, C or D).

How to Make an impressive Speech

Having a tough time deciding on what persuasive speech topics to talk about? Don’t sweat it. First, you must know your target audience very well. Know their age, sex. educational attainments and career experiences. Find out what their beliefs, dreams and goals are. What keeps them excited or awake at night? If possible, know their personal, cultural, social, religious and political backgrounds. This will prevent you from saying something that might be offensive to a particular race or culture.

Then, based on the information gathered from your audience, make a list of persuasive speech ideas that might fit their personality, status or background. Remember that the worst thing you could do is deliver a boring speech, so try to come up with controversial yet useful themes. Make persuasive speech topics that will benefit your audience. Remember people are always thinking of "WIIFM" (What’s In It For Me?). If they do not see any good results or advantages for listening to your speech, they will not be interested or responsive.

Choosing your topics, check those items that you either are an authority on or are very familiar with. Your audience will look up to people with authority. If they perceive you as someone who is an expert on a subject, they would be more likely to listen to you and accept your viewpoints.

Do proper research over the Internet and libraries to come up with your persuasive speech ideas. During your research, take note of the most interesting or helpful facts relevant to your audience. Keep an open mind and relate how your research can solve their problems or improve any aspect of their life.

Some people are naturally skeptical, so make your statements well-grounded: gather statistics, facts, presentations, case studies or true stories. Make sure you note the source or reference.

Finding persuasive speech topics is easy if you follow the guidelines above.

Which of the following is the phrase "keep an open mind" (paragraph 4) closest in meaning to?

Read the text below. For questions (6-10) choose the correct answer (A, B, C or D).

How to Make an impressive Speech

Having a tough time deciding on what persuasive speech topics to talk about? Don’t sweat it. First, you must know your target audience very well. Know their age, sex. educational attainments and career experiences. Find out what their beliefs, dreams and goals are. What keeps them excited or awake at night? If possible, know their personal, cultural, social, religious and political backgrounds. This will prevent you from saying something that might be offensive to a particular race or culture.

Then, based on the information gathered from your audience, make a list of persuasive speech ideas that might fit their personality, status or background. Remember that the worst thing you could do is deliver a boring speech, so try to come up with controversial yet useful themes. Make persuasive speech topics that will benefit your audience. Remember people are always thinking of "WIIFM" (What’s In It For Me?). If they do not see any good results or advantages for listening to your speech, they will not be interested or responsive.

Choosing your topics, check those items that you either are an authority on or are very familiar with. Your audience will look up to people with authority. If they perceive you as someone who is an expert on a subject, they would be more likely to listen to you and accept your viewpoints.

Do proper research over the Internet and libraries to come up with your persuasive speech ideas. During your research, take note of the most interesting or helpful facts relevant to your audience. Keep an open mind and relate how your research can solve their problems or improve any aspect of their life.

Some people are naturally skeptical, so make your statements well-grounded: gather statistics, facts, presentations, case studies or true stories. Make sure you note the source or reference.

Finding persuasive speech topics is easy if you follow the guidelines above.

According to the text, which of the following is NOT mentioned in the text?

Read the text below. Match choices (A-H) to pictures (11–16). There are two choices you do not need to use.

Which of the following schools ______ ?

Read the text below. Match choices (A-H) to pictures (11–16). There are two choices you do not need to use.

Which of the following schools ______ ?

Read the text below. Match choices (A-H) to pictures (11–16). There are two choices you do not need to use.

Which of the following schools ______ ?

Read the text below. Match choices (A-H) to pictures (11–16). There are two choices you do not need to use.

Which of the following schools ______ ?

Read the text below. Match choices (A-H) to pictures (11–16). There are two choices you do not need to use.

Which of the following schools ______ ?

Read the text below. Match choices (A-H) to pictures (11–16). There are two choices you do not need to use.

Which of the following schools ______ ?

Read the text below. Choose from (A–H) the one which best fits each space (17–22). There are two choices you do not need to use.

The Boy Scout Who Was Tintin

As with many great fictional heroes, there are several possible models who may or may not have inspired the character of the brave boy reporter Tintin. But one of the most likely was a Danish youngster named Palle Huld, (17) ______ to travel around the world in imitation of Jules Verne’s Phileas Fogg. In his case, he was given just 46 days to accomplish the feat, wasn’t allowed a companion and was forbidden to travel by aeroplane. Nevertheless, Huld managed it in 44 days. Nor was it only his age and dauntless spirit (18) ______ . It was also his appearance. He had freckles, a snub nose and unruly bright-red hair.

Huld, (19) ______ , was chosen from applicants, and set off among a storm of publicity in March. His voyage was not without mishaps, yet he made it home - much to the relief of his poor mother, (20) ______ during her boy’s absence to help her cope with the stress.

The following year, the enterprising Huld wrote his own account of his adventures, A Boy Seoul Around the World, (21) ______ . His travels around the globe apparently gave him a taste for fame, too. He went on to become a distinguished actor, (22) ______ , including Three Men In Search of a Troll.

But one of the most likely was a Danish youngster named Palle Huld, (17) ______ to travel around the world in imitation of Jules Verne’s Phileas Fogg. In his case, he was given just 46 days to accomplish the feat, wasn’t allowed a companion and was forbidden to travel by aeroplane.

Read the text below. Choose from (A–H) the one which best fits each space (17–22). There are two choices you do not need to use.

The Boy Scout Who Was Tintin

As with many great fictional heroes, there are several possible models who may or may not have inspired the character of the brave boy reporter Tintin. But one of the most likely was a Danish youngster named Palle Huld, (17) ______ to travel around the world in imitation of Jules Verne’s Phileas Fogg. In his case, he was given just 46 days to accomplish the feat, wasn’t allowed a companion and was forbidden to travel by aeroplane. Nevertheless, Huld managed it in 44 days. Nor was it only his age and dauntless spirit (18) ______ . It was also his appearance. He had freckles, a snub nose and unruly bright-red hair.

Huld, (19) ______ , was chosen from applicants, and set off among a storm of publicity in March. His voyage was not without mishaps, yet he made it home - much to the relief of his poor mother, (20) ______ during her boy’s absence to help her cope with the stress.

The following year, the enterprising Huld wrote his own account of his adventures, A Boy Seoul Around the World, (21) ______ . His travels around the globe apparently gave him a taste for fame, too. He went on to become a distinguished actor, (22) ______ , including Three Men In Search of a Troll.

Nevertheless, Huld managed it in 44 days. Nor was it only his age and dauntless spirit (18) ______ .

Read the text below. Choose from (A–H) the one which best fits each space (17–22). There are two choices you do not need to use.

The Boy Scout Who Was Tintin

As with many great fictional heroes, there are several possible models who may or may not have inspired the character of the brave boy reporter Tintin. But one of the most likely was a Danish youngster named Palle Huld, (17) ______ to travel around the world in imitation of Jules Verne’s Phileas Fogg. In his case, he was given just 46 days to accomplish the feat, wasn’t allowed a companion and was forbidden to travel by aeroplane. Nevertheless, Huld managed it in 44 days. Nor was it only his age and dauntless spirit (18) ______ . It was also his appearance. He had freckles, a snub nose and unruly bright-red hair.

Huld, (19) ______ , was chosen from applicants, and set off among a storm of publicity in March. His voyage was not without mishaps, yet he made it home - much to the relief of his poor mother, (20) ______ during her boy’s absence to help her cope with the stress.

The following year, the enterprising Huld wrote his own account of his adventures, A Boy Seoul Around the World, (21) ______ . His travels around the globe apparently gave him a taste for fame, too. He went on to become a distinguished actor, (22) ______ , including Three Men In Search of a Troll.

Huld, (19) ______ , was chosen from applicants, and set off among a storm of publicity in March.

Read the text below. Choose from (A–H) the one which best fits each space (17–22). There are two choices you do not need to use.

The Boy Scout Who Was Tintin

As with many great fictional heroes, there are several possible models who may or may not have inspired the character of the brave boy reporter Tintin. But one of the most likely was a Danish youngster named Palle Huld, (17) ______ to travel around the world in imitation of Jules Verne’s Phileas Fogg. In his case, he was given just 46 days to accomplish the feat, wasn’t allowed a companion and was forbidden to travel by aeroplane. Nevertheless, Huld managed it in 44 days. Nor was it only his age and dauntless spirit (18) ______ . It was also his appearance. He had freckles, a snub nose and unruly bright-red hair.

Huld, (19) ______ , was chosen from applicants, and set off among a storm of publicity in March. His voyage was not without mishaps, yet he made it home - much to the relief of his poor mother, (20) ______ during her boy’s absence to help her cope with the stress.

The following year, the enterprising Huld wrote his own account of his adventures, A Boy Seoul Around the World, (21) ______ . His travels around the globe apparently gave him a taste for fame, too. He went on to become a distinguished actor, (22) ______ , including Three Men In Search of a Troll.

His voyage was not without mishaps, yet he made it home - much to the relief of his poor mother, (20) ______ during her boy’s absence to help her cope with the stress.

Read the text below. Choose from (A–H) the one which best fits each space (17–22). There are two choices you do not need to use.

The Boy Scout Who Was Tintin

As with many great fictional heroes, there are several possible models who may or may not have inspired the character of the brave boy reporter Tintin. But one of the most likely was a Danish youngster named Palle Huld, (17) ______ to travel around the world in imitation of Jules Verne’s Phileas Fogg. In his case, he was given just 46 days to accomplish the feat, wasn’t allowed a companion and was forbidden to travel by aeroplane. Nevertheless, Huld managed it in 44 days. Nor was it only his age and dauntless spirit (18) ______ . It was also his appearance. He had freckles, a snub nose and unruly bright-red hair.

Huld, (19) ______ , was chosen from applicants, and set off among a storm of publicity in March. His voyage was not without mishaps, yet he made it home - much to the relief of his poor mother, (20) ______ during her boy’s absence to help her cope with the stress.

The following year, the enterprising Huld wrote his own account of his adventures, A Boy Seoul Around the World, (21) ______ . His travels around the globe apparently gave him a taste for fame, too. He went on to become a distinguished actor, (22) ______ , including Three Men In Search of a Troll.

The following year, the enterprising Huld wrote his own account of his adventures, A Boy Seoul Around the World, (21) ______ .

Read the text below. Choose from (A–H) the one which best fits each space (17–22). There are two choices you do not need to use.

The Boy Scout Who Was Tintin

As with many great fictional heroes, there are several possible models who may or may not have inspired the character of the brave boy reporter Tintin. But one of the most likely was a Danish youngster named Palle Huld, (17) ______ to travel around the world in imitation of Jules Verne’s Phileas Fogg. In his case, he was given just 46 days to accomplish the feat, wasn’t allowed a companion and was forbidden to travel by aeroplane. Nevertheless, Huld managed it in 44 days. Nor was it only his age and dauntless spirit (18) ______ . It was also his appearance. He had freckles, a snub nose and unruly bright-red hair.

Huld, (19) ______ , was chosen from applicants, and set off among a storm of publicity in March. His voyage was not without mishaps, yet he made it home - much to the relief of his poor mother, (20) ______ during her boy’s absence to help her cope with the stress.

The following year, the enterprising Huld wrote his own account of his adventures, A Boy Seoul Around the World, (21) ______ . His travels around the globe apparently gave him a taste for fame, too. He went on to become a distinguished actor, (22) ______ , including Three Men In Search of a Troll.

He went on to become a distinguished actor, (22) ______ , including Three Men In Search of a Troll.

Read the text below. For questions (23–32) choose the correct answer (A, B, C or D)

The Meaning of Monkey Talk

Krak! Hok! Boom! These might sound (23) ______ random noises to us, but to a species of monkey living in Ivory Coast, they (24) ______ a very specific meaning. During (25) ______ studies of the Campbell’s monkeys in the Tai National Park, naturalists (26) ______ that when the monkeys spotted a leopard on the prowl, they would cry "Krak!" to (27) ______ other members of their group of the danger. A hok, by (28) ______ , alerted other monkeys that a crowned eagle was circling overhead. Boom seemed only to indicate that a branch had broken (29) ______ a nearby tree. What particularly intrigued the researchers, however, was the fact that the creatures weren’t just (30) ______ certain sounds to certain events, but seemed to have developed a kind of syntax. Sometimes, for instance, a monkey would add an oo sound to one of the above-mentioned noises, to suggest a(an)(31) ______ but more general threat: so krak-oo would mean that there was danger, but not (32) ______ from a leopard. The language of the Campbell’s monkeys may be "the most complex example of ‘proto-syntax’ in animal communication known to date", the researchers told.

Krak! Hok! Boom! These might sound (23) ______ random noises to us, but to a species of monkey living in Ivory Coast...

Read the text below. For questions (23–32) choose the correct answer (A, B, C or D)

The Meaning of Monkey Talk

Krak! Hok! Boom! These might sound (23) ______ random noises to us, but to a species of monkey living in Ivory Coast, they (24) ______ a very specific meaning. During (25) ______ studies of the Campbell’s monkeys in the Tai National Park, naturalists (26) ______ that when the monkeys spotted a leopard on the prowl, they would cry "Krak!" to (27) ______ other members of their group of the danger. A hok, by (28) ______ , alerted other monkeys that a crowned eagle was circling overhead. Boom seemed only to indicate that a branch had broken (29) ______ a nearby tree. What particularly intrigued the researchers, however, was the fact that the creatures weren’t just (30) ______ certain sounds to certain events, but seemed to have developed a kind of syntax. Sometimes, for instance, a monkey would add an oo sound to one of the above-mentioned noises, to suggest a(an)(31) ______ but more general threat: so krak-oo would mean that there was danger, but not (32) ______ from a leopard. The language of the Campbell’s monkeys may be "the most complex example of ‘proto-syntax’ in animal communication known to date", the researchers told.

...they (24) ______ a very specific meaning.

Read the text below. For questions (23–32) choose the correct answer (A, B, C or D)

The Meaning of Monkey Talk

Krak! Hok! Boom! These might sound (23) ______ random noises to us, but to a species of monkey living in Ivory Coast, they (24) ______ a very specific meaning. During (25) ______ studies of the Campbell’s monkeys in the Tai National Park, naturalists (26) ______ that when the monkeys spotted a leopard on the prowl, they would cry "Krak!" to (27) ______ other members of their group of the danger. A hok, by (28) ______ , alerted other monkeys that a crowned eagle was circling overhead. Boom seemed only to indicate that a branch had broken (29) ______ a nearby tree. What particularly intrigued the researchers, however, was the fact that the creatures weren’t just (30) ______ certain sounds to certain events, but seemed to have developed a kind of syntax. Sometimes, for instance, a monkey would add an oo sound to one of the above-mentioned noises, to suggest a(an)(31) ______ but more general threat: so krak-oo would mean that there was danger, but not (32) ______ from a leopard. The language of the Campbell’s monkeys may be "the most complex example of ‘proto-syntax’ in animal communication known to date", the researchers told.

During (25) ______ studies of the Campbell’s monkeys in the Tai National Park...

Read the text below. For questions (23–32) choose the correct answer (A, B, C or D)

The Meaning of Monkey Talk

Krak! Hok! Boom! These might sound (23) ______ random noises to us, but to a species of monkey living in Ivory Coast, they (24) ______ a very specific meaning. During (25) ______ studies of the Campbell’s monkeys in the Tai National Park, naturalists (26) ______ that when the monkeys spotted a leopard on the prowl, they would cry "Krak!" to (27) ______ other members of their group of the danger. A hok, by (28) ______ , alerted other monkeys that a crowned eagle was circling overhead. Boom seemed only to indicate that a branch had broken (29) ______ a nearby tree. What particularly intrigued the researchers, however, was the fact that the creatures weren’t just (30) ______ certain sounds to certain events, but seemed to have developed a kind of syntax. Sometimes, for instance, a monkey would add an oo sound to one of the above-mentioned noises, to suggest a(an)(31) ______ but more general threat: so krak-oo would mean that there was danger, but not (32) ______ from a leopard. The language of the Campbell’s monkeys may be "the most complex example of ‘proto-syntax’ in animal communication known to date", the researchers told.

...naturalists (26) ______ that when the monkeys spotted a leopard on the prowl...

Read the text below. For questions (23–32) choose the correct answer (A, B, C or D)

The Meaning of Monkey Talk

Krak! Hok! Boom! These might sound (23) ______ random noises to us, but to a species of monkey living in Ivory Coast, they (24) ______ a very specific meaning. During (25) ______ studies of the Campbell’s monkeys in the Tai National Park, naturalists (26) ______ that when the monkeys spotted a leopard on the prowl, they would cry "Krak!" to (27) ______ other members of their group of the danger. A hok, by (28) ______ , alerted other monkeys that a crowned eagle was circling overhead. Boom seemed only to indicate that a branch had broken (29) ______ a nearby tree. What particularly intrigued the researchers, however, was the fact that the creatures weren’t just (30) ______ certain sounds to certain events, but seemed to have developed a kind of syntax. Sometimes, for instance, a monkey would add an oo sound to one of the above-mentioned noises, to suggest a(an)(31) ______ but more general threat: so krak-oo would mean that there was danger, but not (32) ______ from a leopard. The language of the Campbell’s monkeys may be "the most complex example of ‘proto-syntax’ in animal communication known to date", the researchers told.

...they would cry "Krak!" to (27) ______ other members of their group of the danger.

Read the text below. For questions (23–32) choose the correct answer (A, B, C or D)

The Meaning of Monkey Talk

Krak! Hok! Boom! These might sound (23) ______ random noises to us, but to a species of monkey living in Ivory Coast, they (24) ______ a very specific meaning. During (25) ______ studies of the Campbell’s monkeys in the Tai National Park, naturalists (26) ______ that when the monkeys spotted a leopard on the prowl, they would cry "Krak!" to (27) ______ other members of their group of the danger. A hok, by (28) ______ , alerted other monkeys that a crowned eagle was circling overhead. Boom seemed only to indicate that a branch had broken (29) ______ a nearby tree. What particularly intrigued the researchers, however, was the fact that the creatures weren’t just (30) ______ certain sounds to certain events, but seemed to have developed a kind of syntax. Sometimes, for instance, a monkey would add an oo sound to one of the above-mentioned noises, to suggest a(an)(31) ______ but more general threat: so krak-oo would mean that there was danger, but not (32) ______ from a leopard. The language of the Campbell’s monkeys may be "the most complex example of ‘proto-syntax’ in animal communication known to date", the researchers told.

A hok, by (28) ______ , alerted other monkeys that a crowned eagle was circling overhead.

Read the text below. For questions (23–32) choose the correct answer (A, B, C or D)

The Meaning of Monkey Talk

Krak! Hok! Boom! These might sound (23) ______ random noises to us, but to a species of monkey living in Ivory Coast, they (24) ______ a very specific meaning. During (25) ______ studies of the Campbell’s monkeys in the Tai National Park, naturalists (26) ______ that when the monkeys spotted a leopard on the prowl, they would cry "Krak!" to (27) ______ other members of their group of the danger. A hok, by (28) ______ , alerted other monkeys that a crowned eagle was circling overhead. Boom seemed only to indicate that a branch had broken (29) ______ a nearby tree. What particularly intrigued the researchers, however, was the fact that the creatures weren’t just (30) ______ certain sounds to certain events, but seemed to have developed a kind of syntax. Sometimes, for instance, a monkey would add an oo sound to one of the above-mentioned noises, to suggest a(an)(31) ______ but more general threat: so krak-oo would mean that there was danger, but not (32) ______ from a leopard. The language of the Campbell’s monkeys may be "the most complex example of ‘proto-syntax’ in animal communication known to date", the researchers told.

Boom seemed only to indicate that a branch had broken (29) ______ a nearby tree.

Read the text below. For questions (23–32) choose the correct answer (A, B, C or D)

The Meaning of Monkey Talk

Krak! Hok! Boom! These might sound (23) ______ random noises to us, but to a species of monkey living in Ivory Coast, they (24) ______ a very specific meaning. During (25) ______ studies of the Campbell’s monkeys in the Tai National Park, naturalists (26) ______ that when the monkeys spotted a leopard on the prowl, they would cry "Krak!" to (27) ______ other members of their group of the danger. A hok, by (28) ______ , alerted other monkeys that a crowned eagle was circling overhead. Boom seemed only to indicate that a branch had broken (29) ______ a nearby tree. What particularly intrigued the researchers, however, was the fact that the creatures weren’t just (30) ______ certain sounds to certain events, but seemed to have developed a kind of syntax. Sometimes, for instance, a monkey would add an oo sound to one of the above-mentioned noises, to suggest a(an)(31) ______ but more general threat: so krak-oo would mean that there was danger, but not (32) ______ from a leopard. The language of the Campbell’s monkeys may be "the most complex example of ‘proto-syntax’ in animal communication known to date", the researchers told.

What particularly intrigued the researchers, however, was the fact that the creatures weren’t just (30) ______ certain sounds to certain events, but seemed to have developed a kind of syntax.

Read the text below. For questions (23–32) choose the correct answer (A, B, C or D)

The Meaning of Monkey Talk

Krak! Hok! Boom! These might sound (23) ______ random noises to us, but to a species of monkey living in Ivory Coast, they (24) ______ a very specific meaning. During (25) ______ studies of the Campbell’s monkeys in the Tai National Park, naturalists (26) ______ that when the monkeys spotted a leopard on the prowl, they would cry "Krak!" to (27) ______ other members of their group of the danger. A hok, by (28) ______ , alerted other monkeys that a crowned eagle was circling overhead. Boom seemed only to indicate that a branch had broken (29) ______ a nearby tree. What particularly intrigued the researchers, however, was the fact that the creatures weren’t just (30) ______ certain sounds to certain events, but seemed to have developed a kind of syntax. Sometimes, for instance, a monkey would add an oo sound to one of the above-mentioned noises, to suggest a(an)(31) ______ but more general threat: so krak-oo would mean that there was danger, but not (32) ______ from a leopard. The language of the Campbell’s monkeys may be "the most complex example of ‘proto-syntax’ in animal communication known to date", the researchers told.

Sometimes, for instance, a monkey would add an oo sound to one of the above-mentioned noises, to suggest a(an) (31) ______ but more general threat: so krak-oo would mean that there was danger...

Read the text below. For questions (23–32) choose the correct answer (A, B, C or D)

The Meaning of Monkey Talk

Krak! Hok! Boom! These might sound (23) ______ random noises to us, but to a species of monkey living in Ivory Coast, they (24) ______ a very specific meaning. During (25) ______ studies of the Campbell’s monkeys in the Tai National Park, naturalists (26) ______ that when the monkeys spotted a leopard on the prowl, they would cry "Krak!" to (27) ______ other members of their group of the danger. A hok, by (28) ______ , alerted other monkeys that a crowned eagle was circling overhead. Boom seemed only to indicate that a branch had broken (29) ______ a nearby tree. What particularly intrigued the researchers, however, was the fact that the creatures weren’t just (30) ______ certain sounds to certain events, but seemed to have developed a kind of syntax. Sometimes, for instance, a monkey would add an oo sound to one of the above-mentioned noises, to suggest a(an)(31) ______ but more general threat: so krak-oo would mean that there was danger, but not (32) ______ from a leopard. The language of the Campbell’s monkeys may be "the most complex example of ‘proto-syntax’ in animal communication known to date", the researchers told.

...but not (32) ______ from a leopard.

Read the text below. For questions choose the correct answer (A, B, C и D)

The Leaning Tower of Pisa Has Never Been Straight

Soon after building started in 1173, the foundation of the Pisa tower settled unevenly. Construction ______ , and was continued only a 100 year later. It then became visibly clear that the Tower of Pisa is leaning, tilting to the south.

Since regular measuring of the tower began in 1911, the top of the tower  ______ 1,2 millimeters per year. In 1989, the Tower of Pisa Project Consortium commissioned engineers ______ the Leaning Tower. Because the Tower tilted in different directions in its first years, it is slightly curved, like a banana. Engineers are working on the footing of the Tower rather than the structure, ______ to ease the top back about 20 cm. But it means that ______ tower will remain leaning.

Soon after building started in 1173, the foundation of the Pisa tower settled unevenly. Construction ______ , and was continued only a 100 year later.

Read the text below. For questions choose the correct answer (A, B, C и D)

The Leaning Tower of Pisa Has Never Been Straight

Soon after building started in 1173, the foundation of the Pisa tower settled unevenly. Construction  ______ , and was continued only a 100 year later. It then became visibly clear that the Tower of Pisa is leaning, tilting to the south.

Since regular measuring of the tower began in 1911, the top of the tower ______ 1,2 millimeters per year. In 1989, the Tower of Pisa Project Consortium commissioned engineers ______ the Leaning Tower. Because the Tower tilted in different directions in its first years, it is slightly curved, like a banana. Engineers are working on the footing of the Tower rather than the structure, ______ to ease the top back about 20 cm. But it means that ______ tower will remain leaning.

Since regular measuring of the tower began in 1911, the top of the tower ______ 1,2 millimeters per year.

Read the text below. For questions choose the correct answer (A, B, C и D)

The Leaning Tower of Pisa Has Never Been Straight

Soon after building started in 1173, the foundation of the Pisa tower settled unevenly. Construction ______ , and was continued only a 100 year later. It then became visibly clear that the Tower of Pisa is leaning, tilting to the south.

Since regular measuring of the tower began in 1911, the top of the tower ______ 1,2 millimeters per year. In 1989, the Tower of Pisa Project Consortium commissioned engineers ______ the Leaning Tower. Because the Tower tilted in different directions in its first years, it is slightly curved, like a banana. Engineers are working on the footing of the Tower rather than the structure,  ______ to ease the top back about 20 cm. But it means that ______ tower will remain leaning.

In 1989, the Tower of Pisa Project Consortium commissioned engineers ______ the Leaning Tower.

Read the text below. For questions choose the correct answer (A, B, C и D)

The Leaning Tower of Pisa Has Never Been Straight

Soon after building started in 1173, the foundation of the Pisa tower settled unevenly. Construction ______ , and was continued only a 100 year later. It then became visibly clear that the Tower of Pisa is leaning, tilting to the south.

Since regular measuring of the tower began in 1911, the top of the tower  ______ 1,2 millimeters per year. In 1989, the Tower of Pisa Project Consortium commissioned engineers ______ the Leaning Tower. Because the Tower tilted in different directions in its first years, it is slightly curved, like a banana. Engineers are working on the footing of the Tower rather than the structure, ______ to ease the top back about 20 cm. But it means that ______ tower will remain leaning.

Engineers are working on the footing of the Tower rather than the structure, ______ to ease the top back about 20 cm.

Read the text below. For questions choose the correct answer (A, B, C и D)

The Leaning Tower of Pisa Has Never Been Straight

Soon after building started in 1173, the foundation of the Pisa tower settled unevenly. Construction ______ , and was continued only a 100 year later. It then became visibly clear that the Tower of Pisa is leaning, tilting to the south.

Since regular measuring of the tower began in 1911, the top of the tower ______ 1,2 millimeters per year. In 1989, the Tower of Pisa Project Consortium commissioned engineers ______ the Leaning Tower. Because the Tower tilted in different directions in its first years, it is slightly curved, like a banana. Engineers are working on the footing of the Tower rather than the structure,  ______ to ease the top back about 20 cm. But it means that ______ tower will remain leaning.

But it means that ______ tower will remain leaning.

Read the text below. For questions choose the correct answer (A, B, C и D)

The Swiftly Evolving Blackcap

Evolution doesn’t have to take centuries. In the case of the Blackcap songbird, ______ decades were enough. The birds breed in the forests of southern Germany, and traditionally fly to Spain for the winter. Most still make the journey south, but since the 1960s, 10%  ______ to wintering in England, where the colder climate is more than ______ by the food left out on bird tables - a postwar phenomenon. These birds have rounder wings than their Spanish cousins (which provide better mobility but are ______ suited to long-distance flight) and longer, narrower beaks, better suited to bread and nuts than to olives. Researchers speculate that if the birds ______ to evolve in this way, they could eventually become a distinct species.

In the case of the Blackcap songbird, ______ decades were enough.

Read the text below. For questions choose the correct answer (A, B, C и D)

The Swiftly Evolving Blackcap

Evolution doesn’t have to take centuries. In the case of the Blackcap songbird, ______ decades were enough. The birds breed in the forests of southern Germany, and traditionally fly to Spain for the winter. Most still make the journey south, but since the 1960s, 10%  ______ to wintering in England, where the colder climate is more than ______ by the food left out on bird tables - a postwar phenomenon. These birds have rounder wings than their Spanish cousins (which provide better mobility but are ______ suited to long-distance flight) and longer, narrower beaks, better suited to bread and nuts than to olives. Researchers speculate that if the birds ______ to evolve in this way, they could eventually become a distinct species.

Most still make the journey south, but since the 1960s, 10% ______ to wintering in England...

Read the text below. For questions choose the correct answer (A, B, C и D)

The Swiftly Evolving Blackcap

Evolution doesn’t have to take centuries. In the case of the Blackcap songbird, ______ decades were enough. The birds breed in the forests of southern Germany, and traditionally fly to Spain for the winter. Most still make the journey south, but since the 1960s, 10%  ______ to wintering in England, where the colder climate is more than ______ by the food left out on bird tables - a postwar phenomenon. These birds have rounder wings than their Spanish cousins (which provide better mobility but are ______ suited to long-distance flight) and longer, narrower beaks, better suited to bread and nuts than to olives. Researchers speculate that if the birds ______ to evolve in this way, they could eventually become a distinct species.

...where the colder climate is more than ______ by the food left out on bird tables - a postwar phenomenon.

Read the text below. For questions choose the correct answer (A, B, C и D)

The Swiftly Evolving Blackcap

Evolution doesn’t have to take centuries. In the case of the Blackcap songbird, ______ decades were enough. The birds breed in the forests of southern Germany, and traditionally fly to Spain for the winter. Most still make the journey south, but since the 1960s, 10%  ______ to wintering in England, where the colder climate is more than ______ by the food left out on bird tables - a postwar phenomenon. These birds have rounder wings than their Spanish cousins (which provide better mobility but are ______ suited to long-distance flight) and longer, narrower beaks, better suited to bread and nuts than to olives. Researchers speculate that if the birds ______ to evolve in this way, they could eventually become a distinct species.

These birds have rounder wings than their Spanish cousins (which provide better mobility but are ______ suited to long-distance flight) and longer, narrower beaks, better suited to bread and nuts than to olives.

Read the text below. For questions choose the correct answer (A, B, C и D)

The Swiftly Evolving Blackcap

Evolution doesn’t have to take centuries. In the case of the Blackcap songbird, ______ decades were enough. The birds breed in the forests of southern Germany, and traditionally fly to Spain for the winter. Most still make the journey south, but since the 1960s, 10%  ______ to wintering in England, where the colder climate is more than ______ by the food left out on bird tables - a postwar phenomenon. These birds have rounder wings than their Spanish cousins (which provide better mobility but are ______ suited to long-distance flight) and longer, narrower beaks, better suited to bread and nuts than to olives. Researchers speculate that if the birds ______ to evolve in this way, they could eventually become a distinct species.

Researchers speculate that if the birds ______ to evolve in this way, they could eventually become a distinct species.

You would like to work in Great Britain this summer. And you have read this advertisement in a newspaper

London Language Summer School

is looking for young energetic helpers.

Duties include helping with different outdoor activities. Helpers must be good organizers, keen on sports and be able to work at any time, including evenings, from 1st-30st August.

Intermediate level English is essential. Please apply in writing to Tom Griffin. The deadline for application is June 15th.

Write a letter of application. In your letter write about:

• why you are writing
• your personal qualities, language skills and experience with children
• why you think this work experience would be important for your future

Write a letter of at least 100 words. Do not write your own name, any dates, addresses or other personal information. Start your letter in an appropriate way.