Read the text below. For questions (23—32) choose the correct answer (A, B, C or D).

Youngest Language in the World

Scientists (23) ______ that the youngest language in the world is Afrikaans, spoken by South Africans. Dutch and German Protestants avoided persecution from the Roman Catholic Church in the 17th and 18th centuries to (24) ______ in the Dutch colony of the Cape of Good Hope on the southern point of Africa. By the early 20th century Afrikaans had (25) ______from Dutch, German and other influences into a(n) (26) ______independent language with its own dictionaries. It is the third most spoken language in South Africa (Zulu being the most spoken, the Zulu people being the largest ethnic group there).

New languages develop as different cultures meet and (27) ______ . For instance, about 700 different languages are spoken in London. In some suburbs of big cities (28)______ London and New York, English is now a second language. The same is happening — or has taken place — in cities such as Los Angeles, Miami and Singapore. Already the Internet and mobile phone texting are (29) ______ the development of languages as people communicate (30)______ across cultural and regional borders.

The smallest country in the world is the Vatican. It also is the only country where Latin is the (31)______ language. Somalia is the only country in the world where all the (32) ______ speak one language, Somali.

Scientists (23) ______ that the youngest language in the world is Afrikaans, spoken by South Africans.

Read the text below. Choose from (A—H) the one which best fits each space (17—22). There are two choices you do not need to use.

Do School Libraries Still Need Books?

In an era of Internet research and downloadable books, some educators question the need for printed collections

An online library cannot replace the unique collection of resources that I — like many school librarians — have built over a period of years (17) ______ of my students, faculty, and the school's curriculum.

One of my primary responsibilities as a librarian is to teach information-literacy skills — including defining research questions, avoiding plagiarism, and documenting sources. In my experience, this works best face-to-face with students. That personal interaction is supported by the electronic availability of materials but (18) ______ .

Librarians also encourage reading, which (19) ______ . Focused reading is more likely to occur with printed books than with online material.

Today's students shouldn't miss out on the unique pleasure of getting lost in a physical book. Research shows that the brain functions differently when (20) ______ , and different formats complement different learning styles.

Unlike an e-reader or a laptop, which may provide access to many books but (21) ______ , a printed book is a relatively inexpensive information-delivery system that is not dependent on equipment, power, or bandwidth for its use.

One of the beauties of libraries is that we keep up with new technologies, but (22) ______ . We don't have to choose between technology and printed books, and we shouldn't.

One of the beauties of libraries is that we keep up with new technologies, but (22) ______ .

Read the text below. Choose from (A—H) the one which best fits each space (17—22). There are two choices you do not need to use.

Do School Libraries Still Need Books?

In an era of Internet research and downloadable books, some educators question the need for printed collections

An online library cannot replace the unique collection of resources that I — like many school librarians — have built over a period of years (17) ______ of my students, faculty, and the school's curriculum.

One of my primary responsibilities as a librarian is to teach information-literacy skills — including defining research questions, avoiding plagiarism, and documenting sources. In my experience, this works best face-to-face with students. That personal interaction is supported by the electronic availability of materials but (18) ______ .

Librarians also encourage reading, which (19) ______ . Focused reading is more likely to occur with printed books than with online material.

Today's students shouldn't miss out on the unique pleasure of getting lost in a physical book. Research shows that the brain functions differently when (20) ______ , and different formats complement different learning styles.

Unlike an e-reader or a laptop, which may provide access to many books but (21) ______ , a printed book is a relatively inexpensive information-delivery system that is not dependent on equipment, power, or bandwidth for its use.

One of the beauties of libraries is that we keep up with new technologies, but (22) ______ . We don't have to choose between technology and printed books, and we shouldn't.

Unlike an e-reader or a laptop, which may provide access to many books but (21) ______ , a printed book is a relatively inexpensive information-delivery system that is not dependent on equipment, power, or bandwidth for its use.

Read the text below. Choose from (A—H) the one which best fits each space (17—22). There are two choices you do not need to use.

Do School Libraries Still Need Books?

In an era of Internet research and downloadable books, some educators question the need for printed collections

An online library cannot replace the unique collection of resources that I — like many school librarians — have built over a period of years (17) ______ of my students, faculty, and the school's curriculum.

One of my primary responsibilities as a librarian is to teach information-literacy skills — including defining research questions, avoiding plagiarism, and documenting sources. In my experience, this works best face-to-face with students. That personal interaction is supported by the electronic availability of materials but (18) ______ .

Librarians also encourage reading, which (19) ______ . Focused reading is more likely to occur with printed books than with online material.

Today's students shouldn't miss out on the unique pleasure of getting lost in a physical book. Research shows that the brain functions differently when (20) ______ , and different formats complement different learning styles.

Unlike an e-reader or a laptop, which may provide access to many books but (21) ______ , a printed book is a relatively inexpensive information-delivery system that is not dependent on equipment, power, or bandwidth for its use.

One of the beauties of libraries is that we keep up with new technologies, but (22) ______ . We don't have to choose between technology and printed books, and we shouldn't.

Research shows that the brain functions differently when (20) ______ , and different formats complement different learning styles.

Read the text below. Choose from (A—H) the one which best fits each space (17—22). There are two choices you do not need to use.

Do School Libraries Still Need Books?

In an era of Internet research and downloadable books, some educators question the need for printed collections

An online library cannot replace the unique collection of resources that I — like many school librarians — have built over a period of years (17) ______ of my students, faculty, and the school's curriculum.

One of my primary responsibilities as a librarian is to teach information-literacy skills — including defining research questions, avoiding plagiarism, and documenting sources. In my experience, this works best face-to-face with students. That personal interaction is supported by the electronic availability of materials but (18) ______ .

Librarians also encourage reading, which (19) ______ . Focused reading is more likely to occur with printed books than with online material.

Today's students shouldn't miss out on the unique pleasure of getting lost in a physical book. Research shows that the brain functions differently when (20) ______ , and different formats complement different learning styles.

Unlike an e-reader or a laptop, which may provide access to many books but (21) ______ , a printed book is a relatively inexpensive information-delivery system that is not dependent on equipment, power, or bandwidth for its use.

One of the beauties of libraries is that we keep up with new technologies, but (22) ______ . We don't have to choose between technology and printed books, and we shouldn't.

Librarians also encourage reading, which (19) ______ .

Read the text below. Choose from (A—H) the one which best fits each space (17—22). There are two choices you do not need to use.

Do School Libraries Still Need Books?

In an era of Internet research and downloadable books, some educators question the need for printed collections

An online library cannot replace the unique collection of resources that I — like many school librarians — have built over a period of years (17) ______ of my students, faculty, and the school's curriculum.

One of my primary responsibilities as a librarian is to teach information-literacy skills — including defining research questions, avoiding plagiarism, and documenting sources. In my experience, this works best face-to-face with students. That personal interaction is supported by the electronic availability of materials but (18) ______ .

Librarians also encourage reading, which (19) ______ . Focused reading is more likely to occur with printed books than with online material.

Today's students shouldn't miss out on the unique pleasure of getting lost in a physical book. Research shows that the brain functions differently when (20) ______ , and different formats complement different learning styles.

Unlike an e-reader or a laptop, which may provide access to many books but (21) ______ , a printed book is a relatively inexpensive information-delivery system that is not dependent on equipment, power, or bandwidth for its use.

One of the beauties of libraries is that we keep up with new technologies, but (22) ______ . We don't have to choose between technology and printed books, and we shouldn't.

That personal interaction is supported by the electronic availability of materials but (18) ________ .

Read the text below. Choose from (A—H) the one which best fits each space (17—22). There are two choices you do not need to use.

Do School Libraries Still Need Books?

In an era of Internet research and downloadable books, some educators question the need for printed collections

An online library cannot replace the unique collection of resources that I — like many school librarians — have built over a period of years (17) ______ of my students, faculty, and the school's curriculum.

One of my primary responsibilities as a librarian is to teach information-literacy skills — including defining research questions, avoiding plagiarism, and documenting sources. In my experience, this works best face-to-face with students. That personal interaction is supported by the electronic availability of materials but (18) ______ .

Librarians also encourage reading, which (19) ______ . Focused reading is more likely to occur with printed books than with online material.

Today's students shouldn't miss out on the unique pleasure of getting lost in a physical book. Research shows that the brain functions differently when (20) ______ , and different formats complement different learning styles.

Unlike an e-reader or a laptop, which may provide access to many books but (21) ______ , a printed book is a relatively inexpensive information-delivery system that is not dependent on equipment, power, or bandwidth for its use.

One of the beauties of libraries is that we keep up with new technologies, but (22) ______ . We don't have to choose between technology and printed books, and we shouldn't.

An online library cannot replace the unique collection of resources that I — like many school librarians — have built over a period of years (17) ______ of my students, faculty, and the school's curriculum.

Read the texts below. Match choices (A—H) to advertisements (11—16). There are two choices you do not need to use.

Which of the places gives you an opportunity to ______?

Read the texts below. Match choices (A—H) to advertisements (11—16). There are two choices you do not need to use.

Which of the places gives you an opportunity to ______?