Read the texts below. Match choices (A–H) to (27–32).
There are two choices you do not
need to use. Write your answers on the separate answer sheet.

Winter Celebrations

Kwanzaa

On December 26, Kwanzaa is celebrated. It is a holiday to commemorate African heritage. Kwanzaa lasts a week during which participants gather with family and friends to exchange gifts and to light a series of black, red, and green candles. These candles symbolize the seven basic merits of African American family life: unity, self-determination, collective work and responsibility, cooperative economics, purpose, creativity, and faith.

Which of the winter celebrations is associated with __________?

Read the texts below. Match choices (A–H) to (27–32).
There are two choices you do not
need to use. Write your answers on the separate answer sheet.

Winter Celebrations

New Year’s Day

New Year’s Day, on January 1, is the first day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. There are often fireworks at midnight to celebrate the New Year. Commonly served in the southern part of the United States, black-eyed peas are thought to bring luck and prosperity for the New Year, and greens bring wealth.

Which of the winter celebrations is associated with __________?

Read the texts below. Match choices (A–H) to (27–32).
There are two choices you do not
need to use. Write your answers on the separate answer sheet.

Winter Celebrations

Three Kings Day

At the end of the Twelve Days of Christmas comes a day called the Epiphany, or Three Kings Day. This holiday is celebrated as the day the three wise men first saw baby Jesus and brought him gifts. On this day in Spain, many children get their Christmas presents. In Puerto Rico, before children go to sleep on January 5, they leave a box with hay under their beds so the kings will leave good presents. In France, a delicious King cake is baked. Bakers will hide a coin, jewel or little toy inside it.

Which of the winter celebrations is associated with __________?

Read the text below. Choose from (A–H) the one which best fits each space (33–38).
There are two choices you do not need to use. Write your answers on the separate
answer sheet.

Do School Libraries Still Need Books?

In an era of Internet research and downloadable books, some educators question
the need for printed collections

An online library cannot replace the unique collection of resources that I – like many school librarians – have built over a period of years (33) __________ of my students, faculty, and the school’s curriculum.

One of my primary responsibilities as a librarian is to teach information-literacy skills – including defining research questions, avoiding plagiarism, and documenting sources. In my experience, this works best face-to-face with students. That personal interaction is supported by the electronic availability of materials but (34) __________.

Librarians also encourage reading, which (35) __________. Focused reading is more likely to occur with printed books than with online material.

Today’s students shouldn’t miss out on the unique pleasure of getting lost in a physical book. Research shows that the brain functions differently when (36) __________, and different formats complement different learning styles.

Unlike an e-reader or a laptop, which may provide access to many books but (37) __________, a printed book is a relatively inexpensive information-delivery system that is not dependent on equipment, power, or bandwidth for its use.

One of the beauties of libraries is that we keep up with new technologies, but (38) __________.

We don’t have to choose between technology and printed books, and we shouldn’t.

Read the text below. Choose from (A–H) the one which best fits each space (33–38).
There are two choices you do not need to use. Write your answers on the separate
answer sheet.

Do School Libraries Still Need Books?

In an era of Internet research and downloadable books, some educators question
the need for printed collections

An online library cannot replace the unique collection of resources that I – like many school librarians – have built over a period of years (33) __________ of my students, faculty, and the school’s curriculum.

One of my primary responsibilities as a librarian is to teach information-literacy skills – including defining research questions, avoiding plagiarism, and documenting sources. In my experience, this works best face-to-face with students. That personal interaction is supported by the electronic availability of materials but (34) __________.

Librarians also encourage reading, which (35) __________. Focused reading is more likely to occur with printed books than with online material.

Today’s students shouldn’t miss out on the unique pleasure of getting lost in a physical book. Research shows that the brain functions differently when (36) __________, and different formats complement different learning styles.

Unlike an e-reader or a laptop, which may provide access to many books but (37) __________, a printed book is a relatively inexpensive information-delivery system that is not dependent on equipment, power, or bandwidth for its use.

One of the beauties of libraries is that we keep up with new technologies, but (38) __________.

We don’t have to choose between technology and printed books, and we shouldn’t.

Read the text below. Choose from (A–H) the one which best fits each space (33–38).
There are two choices you do not need to use. Write your answers on the separate
answer sheet.

Do School Libraries Still Need Books?

In an era of Internet research and downloadable books, some educators question
the need for printed collections

An online library cannot replace the unique collection of resources that I – like many school librarians – have built over a period of years (33) __________ of my students, faculty, and the school’s curriculum.

One of my primary responsibilities as a librarian is to teach information-literacy skills – including defining research questions, avoiding plagiarism, and documenting sources. In my experience, this works best face-to-face with students. That personal interaction is supported by the electronic availability of materials but (34) __________.

Librarians also encourage reading, which (35) __________. Focused reading is more likely to occur with printed books than with online material.

Today’s students shouldn’t miss out on the unique pleasure of getting lost in a physical book. Research shows that the brain functions differently when (36) __________, and different formats complement different learning styles.

Unlike an e-reader or a laptop, which may provide access to many books but (37) __________, a printed book is a relatively inexpensive information-delivery system that is not dependent on equipment, power, or bandwidth for its use.

One of the beauties of libraries is that we keep up with new technologies, but (38) __________.

We don’t have to choose between technology and printed books, and we shouldn’t.

Read the text below. Choose from (A–H) the one which best fits each space (33–38).
There are two choices you do not need to use. Write your answers on the separate
answer sheet.

Do School Libraries Still Need Books?

In an era of Internet research and downloadable books, some educators question
the need for printed collections

An online library cannot replace the unique collection of resources that I – like many school librarians – have built over a period of years (33) __________ of my students, faculty, and the school’s curriculum.

One of my primary responsibilities as a librarian is to teach information-literacy skills – including defining research questions, avoiding plagiarism, and documenting sources. In my experience, this works best face-to-face with students. That personal interaction is supported by the electronic availability of materials but (34) __________.

Librarians also encourage reading, which (35) __________. Focused reading is more likely to occur with printed books than with online material.

Today’s students shouldn’t miss out on the unique pleasure of getting lost in a physical book. Research shows that the brain functions differently when (36) __________, and different formats complement different learning styles.

Unlike an e-reader or a laptop, which may provide access to many books but (37) __________, a printed book is a relatively inexpensive information-delivery system that is not dependent on equipment, power, or bandwidth for its use.

One of the beauties of libraries is that we keep up with new technologies, but (38) __________.

We don’t have to choose between technology and printed books, and we shouldn’t.

Read the text below. Choose from (A–H) the one which best fits each space (33–38).
There are two choices you do not need to use. Write your answers on the separate
answer sheet.

Do School Libraries Still Need Books?

In an era of Internet research and downloadable books, some educators question
the need for printed collections

An online library cannot replace the unique collection of resources that I – like many school librarians – have built over a period of years (33) __________ of my students, faculty, and the school’s curriculum.

One of my primary responsibilities as a librarian is to teach information-literacy skills – including defining research questions, avoiding plagiarism, and documenting sources. In my experience, this works best face-to-face with students. That personal interaction is supported by the electronic availability of materials but (34) __________.

Librarians also encourage reading, which (35) __________. Focused reading is more likely to occur with printed books than with online material.

Today’s students shouldn’t miss out on the unique pleasure of getting lost in a physical book. Research shows that the brain functions differently when (36) __________, and different formats complement different learning styles.

Unlike an e-reader or a laptop, which may provide access to many books but (37) __________, a printed book is a relatively inexpensive information-delivery system that is not dependent on equipment, power, or bandwidth for its use.

One of the beauties of libraries is that we keep up with new technologies, but (38) __________.

We don’t have to choose between technology and printed books, and we shouldn’t.

Read the text below. Choose from (A–H) the one which best fits each space (33–38).
There are two choices you do not need to use. Write your answers on the separate
answer sheet.

Do School Libraries Still Need Books?

In an era of Internet research and downloadable books, some educators question
the need for printed collections

An online library cannot replace the unique collection of resources that I – like many school librarians – have built over a period of years (33) __________ of my students, faculty, and the school’s curriculum.

One of my primary responsibilities as a librarian is to teach information-literacy skills – including defining research questions, avoiding plagiarism, and documenting sources. In my experience, this works best face-to-face with students. That personal interaction is supported by the electronic availability of materials but (34) __________.

Librarians also encourage reading, which (35) __________. Focused reading is more likely to occur with printed books than with online material.

Today’s students shouldn’t miss out on the unique pleasure of getting lost in a physical book. Research shows that the brain functions differently when (36) __________, and different formats complement different learning styles.

Unlike an e-reader or a laptop, which may provide access to many books but (37) __________, a printed book is a relatively inexpensive information-delivery system that is not dependent on equipment, power, or bandwidth for its use.

One of the beauties of libraries is that we keep up with new technologies, but (38) __________.

We don’t have to choose between technology and printed books, and we shouldn’t.

Read the text below. For questions (39–48) choose the correct answer (A, B, C or D).
Write your answers on the separate answer sheet.

The Meaning of Monkey Talk

Krak! Hok! Boom! These might sound (39) ________ random noises to us, but to a species of monkey living in Ivory Coast, they (40) ________ a very specific meaning. During (41) ________ study of the Campbell’s monkeys in the Tai National Park, naturalists (42) ________ that when the monkeys spotted a leopard on the prowl, they would cry “Krak!” to (43) ________ other members of their group of the danger. A hok, by (44) ________, alerted other monkeys that a crowned eagle was circling overhead. Boom seemed only to indicate that a branch had broken (45) ________ a nearby tree. What particularly intrigued the researchers, however, was the fact that the creatures weren’t just (46) ________ certain sounds to certain events, but seemed to have developed a kind of syntax. Sometimes, for instance, a monkey would add an oo sound to one of the abovementioned noises, to suggest a(an) (47) ________ but more general threat: so krak-oo would mean that there was danger, but not (48) ________ from a leopard. “The language of the Campbell’s monkeys may be “the most complex example of ‘proto-syntax’ in animal communication known to date”, the researchers told.

The Meaning of Monkey Talk

Krak! Hok! Boom! These might sound (39) ________ random noises to us, but to a species of monkey living in Ivory Coast, they (40) ________ a very specific meaning. During (41) ________ study of the Campbell’s monkeys in the Tai National Park, naturalists (42) ________ that when the monkeys spotted a leopard on the prowl, they would cry “Krak!” to (43) ________ other members of their group of the danger. A hok, by (44) ________, alerted other monkeys that a crowned eagle was circling overhead. Boom seemed only to indicate that a branch had broken (45) ________ a nearby tree. What particularly intrigued the researchers, however, was the fact that the creatures weren’t just (46) ________ certain sounds to certain events, but seemed to have developed a kind of syntax. Sometimes, for instance, a monkey would add an oo sound to one of the abovementioned noises, to suggest a(an) (47) ________ but more general threat: so krak-oo would mean that there was danger, but not (48) ________ from a leopard. “The language of the Campbell’s monkeys may be “the most complex example of ‘proto-syntax’ in animal communication known to date”, the researchers told.

Read the text below. For questions (39–48) choose the correct answer (A, B, C or D).
Write your answers on the separate answer sheet.

The Meaning of Monkey Talk

Krak! Hok! Boom! These might sound (39) ________ random noises to us, but to a species of monkey living in Ivory Coast, they (40) ________ a very specific meaning. During (41) ________ study of the Campbell’s monkeys in the Tai National Park, naturalists (42) ________ that when the monkeys spotted a leopard on the prowl, they would cry “Krak!” to (43) ________ other members of their group of the danger. A hok, by (44) ________, alerted other monkeys that a crowned eagle was circling overhead. Boom seemed only to indicate that a branch had broken (45) ________ a nearby tree. What particularly intrigued the researchers, however, was the fact that the creatures weren’t just (46) ________ certain sounds to certain events, but seemed to have developed a kind of syntax. Sometimes, for instance, a monkey would add an oo sound to one of the abovementioned noises, to suggest a(an) (47) ________ but more general threat: so krak-oo would mean that there was danger, but not (48) ________ from a leopard. “The language of the Campbell’s monkeys may be “the most complex example of ‘proto-syntax’ in animal communication known to date”, the researchers told.

Read the text below. For questions (39–48) choose the correct answer (A, B, C or D).
Write your answers on the separate answer sheet.

The Meaning of Monkey Talk

Krak! Hok! Boom! These might sound (39) ________ random noises to us, but to a species of monkey living in Ivory Coast, they (40) ________ a very specific meaning. During (41) ________ study of the Campbell’s monkeys in the Tai National Park, naturalists (42) ________ that when the monkeys spotted a leopard on the prowl, they would cry “Krak!” to (43) ________ other members of their group of the danger. A hok, by (44) ________, alerted other monkeys that a crowned eagle was circling overhead. Boom seemed only to indicate that a branch had broken (45) ________ a nearby tree. What particularly intrigued the researchers, however, was the fact that the creatures weren’t just (46) ________ certain sounds to certain events, but seemed to have developed a kind of syntax. Sometimes, for instance, a monkey would add an oo sound to one of the abovementioned noises, to suggest a(an) (47) ________ but more general threat: so krak-oo would mean that there was danger, but not (48) ________ from a leopard. “The language of the Campbell’s monkeys may be “the most complex example of ‘proto-syntax’ in animal communication known to date”, the researchers told.

Read the text below. For questions (39–48) choose the correct answer (A, B, C or D).
Write your answers on the separate answer sheet.

The Meaning of Monkey Talk

Krak! Hok! Boom! These might sound (39) ________ random noises to us, but to a species of monkey living in Ivory Coast, they (40) ________ a very specific meaning. During (41) ________ study of the Campbell’s monkeys in the Tai National Park, naturalists (42) ________ that when the monkeys spotted a leopard on the prowl, they would cry “Krak!” to (43) ________ other members of their group of the danger. A hok, by (44) ________, alerted other monkeys that a crowned eagle was circling overhead. Boom seemed only to indicate that a branch had broken (45) ________ a nearby tree. What particularly intrigued the researchers, however, was the fact that the creatures weren’t just (46) ________ certain sounds to certain events, but seemed to have developed a kind of syntax. Sometimes, for instance, a monkey would add an oo sound to one of the abovementioned noises, to suggest a(an) (47) ________ but more general threat: so krak-oo would mean that there was danger, but not (48) ________ from a leopard. “The language of the Campbell’s monkeys may be “the most complex example of ‘proto-syntax’ in animal communication known to date”, the researchers told.