Task 3

Unforgettable Holidays

Yellowstone Winter Family Tour

Introduce your family to the magic of Yellowstone in winter, when wildlife is easier to spot against the white landscape. Watch the geyser Old Faithful explode into the sky, and discover Yellowstone’s more hidden treasures as you explore in the comfort of heated snow coaches. Exploring with a naturalist, learn about the reintroduction of wolves in the park. Enjoy activities designed for explorers of all ages!

Which of the journeys gives a chance ________?

Task 2

The Candy Man Can

Knowing my weakness for all things sugary, a friend recently gave me a wonderful gift: a framed candy-bar wrapper dating back to the Great Depression. The odd name of the bar, Chicken Dinner, was accented by the label art: a steaming chicken. Sad to say, Chicken Dinner did not include any actual chicken parts. It was mostly nuts and chocolate. But why would a confectioner name a chocolate bar after a Sunday meal?

This is a profound question in itself, of course, but it also highlights an odd fact: at times of economic crisis, while most manufacturers are struggling, companies such as Hershey’s and Nestle are reporting increased sales. Apparently there is nothing more soothing to the financially insecure than a candy bar, however oddly named. To understand why requires a look back at our past.

Both in the Old World and the New, chocolate was consumed exclusively by the aristocracy, and in liquid form. The technology required to render chocolate into a solid form came along only in the mid-19th century. But it took World War I for the chocolate bar to emerge as a distinct culinary product. American companies began mass-producing bars as single-serving rations for the soldiers. When the “dough boys” returned to the States, they encouraged the domestic demand for candy bars. Ironically, it was the beginning of the Depression that actually resulted in the golden age of candy bars. What had been, just a century earlier, the ultimate luxury foodstuff, became manna for the masses. According to the late Ray Broekel, the author of The Great American Candy Bar Book, more than 30,000 distinct brands were introduced during the Depression. Candy bars might be regarded as America’s first fast food: cheap, self-contained and filling — at least in the short-term.

The variety of regionally made bars available back then was dazzling. Most major cities had confectioners producing bars, and big cities such as Chicago and Boston boasted dozens. The range of components included local nuts and produce such as pecans, walnuts, strawberries, cherries and figs. No doubt the strangest bar to be introduced during the boom was the infamous Vegetable Sandwich, produced for quite a short while during the health craze of the 1920s. Billed as “a delicious candy made with vegetables,” the bar consisted of dehydrated celery, peas and carrots covered in chocolate. While it’s true that the Vegetable Sandwich probably lived up to its marketing tag — “will not constipate” — it never quite caught on with the public.

Still, what people wanted then was a dessert that they could convince themselves was healthy. The same holds true today. Consolidation by industrial giants such as Hershey’s and Mars has long since driven most regional bars out of existence, and a much smaller number of national brands has emerged. But brands like Snickers continue to be marketed as “satisfying” (read: filling and nutritious) snacks. Nor is it any surprise that retail candy sales have been strong during the current recession. Candy bars remain an incredibly affordable luxury, products that simultaneously deliver a sugar high and a nostalgic feeling of excitement, by reminding consumers of the innocent pleasures of childhood.

What is stated in the text?

Task 2

The Candy Man Can

Knowing my weakness for all things sugary, a friend recently gave me a wonderful gift: a framed candy-bar wrapper dating back to the Great Depression. The odd name of the bar, Chicken Dinner, was accented by the label art: a steaming chicken. Sad to say, Chicken Dinner did not include any actual chicken parts. It was mostly nuts and chocolate. But why would a confectioner name a chocolate bar after a Sunday meal?

This is a profound question in itself, of course, but it also highlights an odd fact: at times of economic crisis, while most manufacturers are struggling, companies such as Hershey’s and Nestle are reporting increased sales. Apparently there is nothing more soothing to the financially insecure than a candy bar, however oddly named. To understand why requires a look back at our past.

Both in the Old World and the New, chocolate was consumed exclusively by the aristocracy, and in liquid form. The technology required to render chocolate into a solid form came along only in the mid-19th century. But it took World War I for the chocolate bar to emerge as a distinct culinary product. American companies began mass-producing bars as single-serving rations for the soldiers. When the “dough boys” returned to the States, they encouraged the domestic demand for candy bars. Ironically, it was the beginning of the Depression that actually resulted in the golden age of candy bars. What had been, just a century earlier, the ultimate luxury foodstuff, became manna for the masses. According to the late Ray Broekel, the author of The Great American Candy Bar Book, more than 30,000 distinct brands were introduced during the Depression. Candy bars might be regarded as America’s first fast food: cheap, self-contained and filling — at least in the short-term.

The variety of regionally made bars available back then was dazzling. Most major cities had confectioners producing bars, and big cities such as Chicago and Boston boasted dozens. The range of components included local nuts and produce such as pecans, walnuts, strawberries, cherries and figs. No doubt the strangest bar to be introduced during the boom was the infamous Vegetable Sandwich, produced for quite a short while during the health craze of the 1920s. Billed as “a delicious candy made with vegetables,” the bar consisted of dehydrated celery, peas and carrots covered in chocolate. While it’s true that the Vegetable Sandwich probably lived up to its marketing tag — “will not constipate” — it never quite caught on with the public.

Still, what people wanted then was a dessert that they could convince themselves was healthy. The same holds true today. Consolidation by industrial giants such as Hershey’s and Mars has long since driven most regional bars out of existence, and a much smaller number of national brands has emerged. But brands like Snickers continue to be marketed as “satisfying” (read: filling and nutritious) snacks. Nor is it any surprise that retail candy sales have been strong during the current recession. Candy bars remain an incredibly affordable luxury, products that simultaneously deliver a sugar high and a nostalgic feeling of excitement, by reminding consumers of the innocent pleasures of childhood.

Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the text?

Task 2

The Candy Man Can

Knowing my weakness for all things sugary, a friend recently gave me a wonderful gift: a framed candy-bar wrapper dating back to the Great Depression. The odd name of the bar, Chicken Dinner, was accented by the label art: a steaming chicken. Sad to say, Chicken Dinner did not include any actual chicken parts. It was mostly nuts and chocolate. But why would a confectioner name a chocolate bar after a Sunday meal?

This is a profound question in itself, of course, but it also highlights an odd fact: at times of economic crisis, while most manufacturers are struggling, companies such as Hershey’s and Nestle are reporting increased sales. Apparently there is nothing more soothing to the financially insecure than a candy bar, however oddly named. To understand why requires a look back at our past.

Both in the Old World and the New, chocolate was consumed exclusively by the aristocracy, and in liquid form. The technology required to render chocolate into a solid form came along only in the mid-19th century. But it took World War I for the chocolate bar to emerge as a distinct culinary product. American companies began mass-producing bars as single-serving rations for the soldiers. When the “dough boys” returned to the States, they encouraged the domestic demand for candy bars. Ironically, it was the beginning of the Depression that actually resulted in the golden age of candy bars. What had been, just a century earlier, the ultimate luxury foodstuff, became manna for the masses. According to the late Ray Broekel, the author of The Great American Candy Bar Book, more than 30,000 distinct brands were introduced during the Depression. Candy bars might be regarded as America’s first fast food: cheap, self-contained and filling — at least in the short-term.

The variety of regionally made bars available back then was dazzling. Most major cities had confectioners producing bars, and big cities such as Chicago and Boston boasted dozens. The range of components included local nuts and produce such as pecans, walnuts, strawberries, cherries and figs. No doubt the strangest bar to be introduced during the boom was the infamous Vegetable Sandwich, produced for quite a short while during the health craze of the 1920s. Billed as “a delicious candy made with vegetables,” the bar consisted of dehydrated celery, peas and carrots covered in chocolate. While it’s true that the Vegetable Sandwich probably lived up to its marketing tag — “will not constipate” — it never quite caught on with the public.

Still, what people wanted then was a dessert that they could convince themselves was healthy. The same holds true today. Consolidation by industrial giants such as Hershey’s and Mars has long since driven most regional bars out of existence, and a much smaller number of national brands has emerged. But brands like Snickers continue to be marketed as “satisfying” (read: filling and nutritious) snacks. Nor is it any surprise that retail candy sales have been strong during the current recession. Candy bars remain an incredibly affordable luxury, products that simultaneously deliver a sugar high and a nostalgic feeling of excitement, by reminding consumers of the innocent pleasures of childhood.

What does the author mean by writing that the Vegetable Sandwich “never quite caught on with the public” in PARAGRAPH 4?

Task 2

The Candy Man Can

Knowing my weakness for all things sugary, a friend recently gave me a wonderful gift: a framed candy-bar wrapper dating back to the Great Depression. The odd name of the bar, Chicken Dinner, was accented by the label art: a steaming chicken. Sad to say, Chicken Dinner did not include any actual chicken parts. It was mostly nuts and chocolate. But why would a confectioner name a chocolate bar after a Sunday meal?

This is a profound question in itself, of course, but it also highlights an odd fact: at times of economic crisis, while most manufacturers are struggling, companies such as Hershey’s and Nestle are reporting increased sales. Apparently there is nothing more soothing to the financially insecure than a candy bar, however oddly named. To understand why requires a look back at our past.

Both in the Old World and the New, chocolate was consumed exclusively by the aristocracy, and in liquid form. The technology required to render chocolate into a solid form came along only in the mid-19th century. But it took World War I for the chocolate bar to emerge as a distinct culinary product. American companies began mass-producing bars as single-serving rations for the soldiers. When the “dough boys” returned to the States, they encouraged the domestic demand for candy bars. Ironically, it was the beginning of the Depression that actually resulted in the golden age of candy bars. What had been, just a century earlier, the ultimate luxury foodstuff, became manna for the masses. According to the late Ray Broekel, the author of The Great American Candy Bar Book, more than 30,000 distinct brands were introduced during the Depression. Candy bars might be regarded as America’s first fast food: cheap, self-contained and filling — at least in the short-term.

The variety of regionally made bars available back then was dazzling. Most major cities had confectioners producing bars, and big cities such as Chicago and Boston boasted dozens. The range of components included local nuts and produce such as pecans, walnuts, strawberries, cherries and figs. No doubt the strangest bar to be introduced during the boom was the infamous Vegetable Sandwich, produced for quite a short while during the health craze of the 1920s. Billed as “a delicious candy made with vegetables,” the bar consisted of dehydrated celery, peas and carrots covered in chocolate. While it’s true that the Vegetable Sandwich probably lived up to its marketing tag — “will not constipate” — it never quite caught on with the public.

Still, what people wanted then was a dessert that they could convince themselves was healthy. The same holds true today. Consolidation by industrial giants such as Hershey’s and Mars has long since driven most regional bars out of existence, and a much smaller number of national brands has emerged. But brands like Snickers continue to be marketed as “satisfying” (read: filling and nutritious) snacks. Nor is it any surprise that retail candy sales have been strong during the current recession. Candy bars remain an incredibly affordable luxury, products that simultaneously deliver a sugar high and a nostalgic feeling of excitement, by reminding consumers of the innocent pleasures of childhood.

Which of the following is TRUE of chocolate, according to the text?

Task 2

The Candy Man Can

Knowing my weakness for all things sugary, a friend recently gave me a wonderful gift: a framed candy-bar wrapper dating back to the Great Depression. The odd name of the bar, Chicken Dinner, was accented by the label art: a steaming chicken. Sad to say, Chicken Dinner did not include any actual chicken parts. It was mostly nuts and chocolate. But why would a confectioner name a chocolate bar after a Sunday meal?

This is a profound question in itself, of course, but it also highlights an odd fact: at times of economic crisis, while most manufacturers are struggling, companies such as Hershey’s and Nestle are reporting increased sales. Apparently there is nothing more soothing to the financially insecure than a candy bar, however oddly named. To understand why requires a look back at our past.

Both in the Old World and the New, chocolate was consumed exclusively by the aristocracy, and in liquid form. The technology required to render chocolate into a solid form came along only in the mid-19th century. But it took World War I for the chocolate bar to emerge as a distinct culinary product. American companies began mass-producing bars as single-serving rations for the soldiers. When the “dough boys” returned to the States, they encouraged the domestic demand for candy bars. Ironically, it was the beginning of the Depression that actually resulted in the golden age of candy bars. What had been, just a century earlier, the ultimate luxury foodstuff, became manna for the masses. According to the late Ray Broekel, the author of The Great American Candy Bar Book, more than 30,000 distinct brands were introduced during the Depression. Candy bars might be regarded as America’s first fast food: cheap, self-contained and filling — at least in the short-term.

The variety of regionally made bars available back then was dazzling. Most major cities had confectioners producing bars, and big cities such as Chicago and Boston boasted dozens. The range of components included local nuts and produce such as pecans, walnuts, strawberries, cherries and figs. No doubt the strangest bar to be introduced during the boom was the infamous Vegetable Sandwich, produced for quite a short while during the health craze of the 1920s. Billed as “a delicious candy made with vegetables,” the bar consisted of dehydrated celery, peas and carrots covered in chocolate. While it’s true that the Vegetable Sandwich probably lived up to its marketing tag — “will not constipate” — it never quite caught on with the public.

Still, what people wanted then was a dessert that they could convince themselves was healthy. The same holds true today. Consolidation by industrial giants such as Hershey’s and Mars has long since driven most regional bars out of existence, and a much smaller number of national brands has emerged. But brands like Snickers continue to be marketed as “satisfying” (read: filling and nutritious) snacks. Nor is it any surprise that retail candy sales have been strong during the current recession. Candy bars remain an incredibly affordable luxury, products that simultaneously deliver a sugar high and a nostalgic feeling of excitement, by reminding consumers of the innocent pleasures of childhood.

What surprised the author, according to PARAGRAPH 1?

_______

CEU maintains an internal academic data network. Course registration and grading are computerized, and students are responsible for conducting all necessary procedures in connection with registration. This continually developing service integrates most of the administrative functions students have to deal with during their stay at CEU.

_______

With over 250,000 documents in various formats, the CEU Library holds the largest collection of English-language materials in the social sciences and the humanities in Central and Eastern Europe. New materials are constantly acquired, particularly within the disciplines of CEU’s academic departments and programs. Recently published English-language monographs and serials in economics, environmental policy and sciences, history, international relations and European studies, law, and political science can be found in the collection: many are unique to the region. The basic literature of specialized fields such as gender studies or nationalism is also richly represented.

_______

The CEU Residence and Conference Centre is a modern residence complex located in District 10 of Budapest. It provides air-conditioned single rooms for up to 180 students; each room is equipped with a personal computer and a private bathroom. The dormitory is run as a hotel-type service and students can find many other services such as a small shop for various personal articles, a cafeteria, a restaurant and a pub. There is a sports centre with a swimming pool and a fitness room, basketball and tennis courts, etc. On every floor there is a quiet lounge with a coffee machine, a microwave oven and a refrigerator, as well as a TV room, and a laundry room. Bed linen is provided, but not towels and toiletries. Cooking or keeping food in rooms is not permitted.

_______

CEU encourages and supports a lively university atmosphere and a sense of community that extends beyond the classroom. As the majority of students come to CEU as international students, the university seeks to build upon the multicultural diversity of its constituents and to enrich the overall student experience. Student activities at CEU are organized directly by the students, by their academic departments or by the Student Life Office of Student Services. Some activities support specific interests, talents and academic pursuits, while others are open to the entire university community and bring together students, faculty and staff.

Reading

Task 1

Central European University

_______

Central European University (CEU) is looking to attract students with a sense of social responsibility who are dedicated to contributing to the public good, who are transnationally inclined, and who have the potential to work for open and democratic societies. They must in addition possess the highest academic achievements and have the potential for intellectual development. Another of the main characteristics of CEU’s student body is the lack of a dominant national culture. Students are admitted on the basis of merit, without any specific country quotas or preferences.

Predicting Hurricanes

In 1943, the Texas coast was devastated by a “surprise hurricane” no one (38)_____ coming. There were no weather satellites in 1943 — the first wouldn’t enter orbit for the other 20 years — and not even weather radar was available yet.

Today, (39)_____ , ho hurricane can get very far without lots of humans watching its every move. We have several ways of tracking and predicting (40)_____ tropical cyclones do, but NOAA and NASA satellites are some of the best tools for understanding them. Both agencies have systems (41)_____ precise data and imagery of hurricanes. Recently, NASA (42)_____ eight micro-satellites to improve our understanding of hurricane formation.

Predicting Hurricanes

In 1943, the Texas coast was devastated by a “surprise hurricane” no one (38)_____ coming. There were no weather satellites in 1943 — the first wouldn’t enter orbit for the other 20 years — and not even weather radar was available yet.

Today, (39)_____ , ho hurricane can get very far without lots of humans watching its every move. We have several ways of tracking and predicting (40)_____ tropical cyclones do, but NOAA and NASA satellites are some of the best tools for understanding them. Both agencies have systems (41)_____ precise data and imagery of hurricanes. Recently, NASA (42)_____ eight micro-satellites to improve our understanding of hurricane formation.

Predicting Hurricanes

In 1943, the Texas coast was devastated by a “surprise hurricane” no one (38)_____ coming. There were no weather satellites in 1943 — the first wouldn’t enter orbit for the other 20 years — and not even weather radar was available yet.

Today, (39)_____ , ho hurricane can get very far without lots of humans watching its every move. We have several ways of tracking and predicting (40)_____ tropical cyclones do, but NOAA and NASA satellites are some of the best tools for understanding them. Both agencies have systems (41)_____ precise data and imagery of hurricanes. Recently, NASA (42)_____ eight micro-satellites to improve our understanding of hurricane formation.