_______

CEU maintains an internal academic data network. Course registration and grading are computerized, and students are responsible for conducting all necessary procedures in connection with registration. This continually developing service integrates most of the administrative functions students have to deal with during their stay at CEU.

Task 2

The Candy Man Can

Knowing my weakness for all things sugary, a friend recently gave me a wonderful gift: a framed candy-bar wrapper dating back to the Great Depression. The odd name of the bar, Chicken Dinner, was accented by the label art: a steaming chicken. Sad to say, Chicken Dinner did not include any actual chicken parts. It was mostly nuts and chocolate. But why would a confectioner name a chocolate bar after a Sunday meal?

This is a profound question in itself, of course, but it also highlights an odd fact: at times of economic crisis, while most manufacturers are struggling, companies such as Hershey’s and Nestle are reporting increased sales. Apparently there is nothing more soothing to the financially insecure than a candy bar, however oddly named. To understand why requires a look back at our past.

Both in the Old World and the New, chocolate was consumed exclusively by the aristocracy, and in liquid form. The technology required to render chocolate into a solid form came along only in the mid-19th century. But it took World War I for the chocolate bar to emerge as a distinct culinary product. American companies began mass-producing bars as single-serving rations for the soldiers. When the “dough boys” returned to the States, they encouraged the domestic demand for candy bars. Ironically, it was the beginning of the Depression that actually resulted in the golden age of candy bars. What had been, just a century earlier, the ultimate luxury foodstuff, became manna for the masses. According to the late Ray Broekel, the author of The Great American Candy Bar Book, more than 30,000 distinct brands were introduced during the Depression. Candy bars might be regarded as America’s first fast food: cheap, self-contained and filling — at least in the short-term.

The variety of regionally made bars available back then was dazzling. Most major cities had confectioners producing bars, and big cities such as Chicago and Boston boasted dozens. The range of components included local nuts and produce such as pecans, walnuts, strawberries, cherries and figs. No doubt the strangest bar to be introduced during the boom was the infamous Vegetable Sandwich, produced for quite a short while during the health craze of the 1920s. Billed as “a delicious candy made with vegetables,” the bar consisted of dehydrated celery, peas and carrots covered in chocolate. While it’s true that the Vegetable Sandwich probably lived up to its marketing tag — “will not constipate” — it never quite caught on with the public.

Still, what people wanted then was a dessert that they could convince themselves was healthy. The same holds true today. Consolidation by industrial giants such as Hershey’s and Mars has long since driven most regional bars out of existence, and a much smaller number of national brands has emerged. But brands like Snickers continue to be marketed as “satisfying” (read: filling and nutritious) snacks. Nor is it any surprise that retail candy sales have been strong during the current recession. Candy bars remain an incredibly affordable luxury, products that simultaneously deliver a sugar high and a nostalgic feeling of excitement, by reminding consumers of the innocent pleasures of childhood.

What surprised the author, according to PARAGRAPH 1?

Task 2

The Candy Man Can

Knowing my weakness for all things sugary, a friend recently gave me a wonderful gift: a framed candy-bar wrapper dating back to the Great Depression. The odd name of the bar, Chicken Dinner, was accented by the label art: a steaming chicken. Sad to say, Chicken Dinner did not include any actual chicken parts. It was mostly nuts and chocolate. But why would a confectioner name a chocolate bar after a Sunday meal?

This is a profound question in itself, of course, but it also highlights an odd fact: at times of economic crisis, while most manufacturers are struggling, companies such as Hershey’s and Nestle are reporting increased sales. Apparently there is nothing more soothing to the financially insecure than a candy bar, however oddly named. To understand why requires a look back at our past.

Both in the Old World and the New, chocolate was consumed exclusively by the aristocracy, and in liquid form. The technology required to render chocolate into a solid form came along only in the mid-19th century. But it took World War I for the chocolate bar to emerge as a distinct culinary product. American companies began mass-producing bars as single-serving rations for the soldiers. When the “dough boys” returned to the States, they encouraged the domestic demand for candy bars. Ironically, it was the beginning of the Depression that actually resulted in the golden age of candy bars. What had been, just a century earlier, the ultimate luxury foodstuff, became manna for the masses. According to the late Ray Broekel, the author of The Great American Candy Bar Book, more than 30,000 distinct brands were introduced during the Depression. Candy bars might be regarded as America’s first fast food: cheap, self-contained and filling — at least in the short-term.

The variety of regionally made bars available back then was dazzling. Most major cities had confectioners producing bars, and big cities such as Chicago and Boston boasted dozens. The range of components included local nuts and produce such as pecans, walnuts, strawberries, cherries and figs. No doubt the strangest bar to be introduced during the boom was the infamous Vegetable Sandwich, produced for quite a short while during the health craze of the 1920s. Billed as “a delicious candy made with vegetables,” the bar consisted of dehydrated celery, peas and carrots covered in chocolate. While it’s true that the Vegetable Sandwich probably lived up to its marketing tag — “will not constipate” — it never quite caught on with the public.

Still, what people wanted then was a dessert that they could convince themselves was healthy. The same holds true today. Consolidation by industrial giants such as Hershey’s and Mars has long since driven most regional bars out of existence, and a much smaller number of national brands has emerged. But brands like Snickers continue to be marketed as “satisfying” (read: filling and nutritious) snacks. Nor is it any surprise that retail candy sales have been strong during the current recession. Candy bars remain an incredibly affordable luxury, products that simultaneously deliver a sugar high and a nostalgic feeling of excitement, by reminding consumers of the innocent pleasures of childhood.

Which of the following is TRUE of chocolate, according to the text?

Task 2

The Candy Man Can

Knowing my weakness for all things sugary, a friend recently gave me a wonderful gift: a framed candy-bar wrapper dating back to the Great Depression. The odd name of the bar, Chicken Dinner, was accented by the label art: a steaming chicken. Sad to say, Chicken Dinner did not include any actual chicken parts. It was mostly nuts and chocolate. But why would a confectioner name a chocolate bar after a Sunday meal?

This is a profound question in itself, of course, but it also highlights an odd fact: at times of economic crisis, while most manufacturers are struggling, companies such as Hershey’s and Nestle are reporting increased sales. Apparently there is nothing more soothing to the financially insecure than a candy bar, however oddly named. To understand why requires a look back at our past.

Both in the Old World and the New, chocolate was consumed exclusively by the aristocracy, and in liquid form. The technology required to render chocolate into a solid form came along only in the mid-19th century. But it took World War I for the chocolate bar to emerge as a distinct culinary product. American companies began mass-producing bars as single-serving rations for the soldiers. When the “dough boys” returned to the States, they encouraged the domestic demand for candy bars. Ironically, it was the beginning of the Depression that actually resulted in the golden age of candy bars. What had been, just a century earlier, the ultimate luxury foodstuff, became manna for the masses. According to the late Ray Broekel, the author of The Great American Candy Bar Book, more than 30,000 distinct brands were introduced during the Depression. Candy bars might be regarded as America’s first fast food: cheap, self-contained and filling — at least in the short-term.

The variety of regionally made bars available back then was dazzling. Most major cities had confectioners producing bars, and big cities such as Chicago and Boston boasted dozens. The range of components included local nuts and produce such as pecans, walnuts, strawberries, cherries and figs. No doubt the strangest bar to be introduced during the boom was the infamous Vegetable Sandwich, produced for quite a short while during the health craze of the 1920s. Billed as “a delicious candy made with vegetables,” the bar consisted of dehydrated celery, peas and carrots covered in chocolate. While it’s true that the Vegetable Sandwich probably lived up to its marketing tag — “will not constipate” — it never quite caught on with the public.

Still, what people wanted then was a dessert that they could convince themselves was healthy. The same holds true today. Consolidation by industrial giants such as Hershey’s and Mars has long since driven most regional bars out of existence, and a much smaller number of national brands has emerged. But brands like Snickers continue to be marketed as “satisfying” (read: filling and nutritious) snacks. Nor is it any surprise that retail candy sales have been strong during the current recession. Candy bars remain an incredibly affordable luxury, products that simultaneously deliver a sugar high and a nostalgic feeling of excitement, by reminding consumers of the innocent pleasures of childhood.

What does the author mean by writing that the Vegetable Sandwich “never quite caught on with the public” in PARAGRAPH 4?

Task 2

The Candy Man Can

Knowing my weakness for all things sugary, a friend recently gave me a wonderful gift: a framed candy-bar wrapper dating back to the Great Depression. The odd name of the bar, Chicken Dinner, was accented by the label art: a steaming chicken. Sad to say, Chicken Dinner did not include any actual chicken parts. It was mostly nuts and chocolate. But why would a confectioner name a chocolate bar after a Sunday meal?

This is a profound question in itself, of course, but it also highlights an odd fact: at times of economic crisis, while most manufacturers are struggling, companies such as Hershey’s and Nestle are reporting increased sales. Apparently there is nothing more soothing to the financially insecure than a candy bar, however oddly named. To understand why requires a look back at our past.

Both in the Old World and the New, chocolate was consumed exclusively by the aristocracy, and in liquid form. The technology required to render chocolate into a solid form came along only in the mid-19th century. But it took World War I for the chocolate bar to emerge as a distinct culinary product. American companies began mass-producing bars as single-serving rations for the soldiers. When the “dough boys” returned to the States, they encouraged the domestic demand for candy bars. Ironically, it was the beginning of the Depression that actually resulted in the golden age of candy bars. What had been, just a century earlier, the ultimate luxury foodstuff, became manna for the masses. According to the late Ray Broekel, the author of The Great American Candy Bar Book, more than 30,000 distinct brands were introduced during the Depression. Candy bars might be regarded as America’s first fast food: cheap, self-contained and filling — at least in the short-term.

The variety of regionally made bars available back then was dazzling. Most major cities had confectioners producing bars, and big cities such as Chicago and Boston boasted dozens. The range of components included local nuts and produce such as pecans, walnuts, strawberries, cherries and figs. No doubt the strangest bar to be introduced during the boom was the infamous Vegetable Sandwich, produced for quite a short while during the health craze of the 1920s. Billed as “a delicious candy made with vegetables,” the bar consisted of dehydrated celery, peas and carrots covered in chocolate. While it’s true that the Vegetable Sandwich probably lived up to its marketing tag — “will not constipate” — it never quite caught on with the public.

Still, what people wanted then was a dessert that they could convince themselves was healthy. The same holds true today. Consolidation by industrial giants such as Hershey’s and Mars has long since driven most regional bars out of existence, and a much smaller number of national brands has emerged. But brands like Snickers continue to be marketed as “satisfying” (read: filling and nutritious) snacks. Nor is it any surprise that retail candy sales have been strong during the current recession. Candy bars remain an incredibly affordable luxury, products that simultaneously deliver a sugar high and a nostalgic feeling of excitement, by reminding consumers of the innocent pleasures of childhood.

Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the text?

Task 2

The Candy Man Can

Knowing my weakness for all things sugary, a friend recently gave me a wonderful gift: a framed candy-bar wrapper dating back to the Great Depression. The odd name of the bar, Chicken Dinner, was accented by the label art: a steaming chicken. Sad to say, Chicken Dinner did not include any actual chicken parts. It was mostly nuts and chocolate. But why would a confectioner name a chocolate bar after a Sunday meal?

This is a profound question in itself, of course, but it also highlights an odd fact: at times of economic crisis, while most manufacturers are struggling, companies such as Hershey’s and Nestle are reporting increased sales. Apparently there is nothing more soothing to the financially insecure than a candy bar, however oddly named. To understand why requires a look back at our past.

Both in the Old World and the New, chocolate was consumed exclusively by the aristocracy, and in liquid form. The technology required to render chocolate into a solid form came along only in the mid-19th century. But it took World War I for the chocolate bar to emerge as a distinct culinary product. American companies began mass-producing bars as single-serving rations for the soldiers. When the “dough boys” returned to the States, they encouraged the domestic demand for candy bars. Ironically, it was the beginning of the Depression that actually resulted in the golden age of candy bars. What had been, just a century earlier, the ultimate luxury foodstuff, became manna for the masses. According to the late Ray Broekel, the author of The Great American Candy Bar Book, more than 30,000 distinct brands were introduced during the Depression. Candy bars might be regarded as America’s first fast food: cheap, self-contained and filling — at least in the short-term.

The variety of regionally made bars available back then was dazzling. Most major cities had confectioners producing bars, and big cities such as Chicago and Boston boasted dozens. The range of components included local nuts and produce such as pecans, walnuts, strawberries, cherries and figs. No doubt the strangest bar to be introduced during the boom was the infamous Vegetable Sandwich, produced for quite a short while during the health craze of the 1920s. Billed as “a delicious candy made with vegetables,” the bar consisted of dehydrated celery, peas and carrots covered in chocolate. While it’s true that the Vegetable Sandwich probably lived up to its marketing tag — “will not constipate” — it never quite caught on with the public.

Still, what people wanted then was a dessert that they could convince themselves was healthy. The same holds true today. Consolidation by industrial giants such as Hershey’s and Mars has long since driven most regional bars out of existence, and a much smaller number of national brands has emerged. But brands like Snickers continue to be marketed as “satisfying” (read: filling and nutritious) snacks. Nor is it any surprise that retail candy sales have been strong during the current recession. Candy bars remain an incredibly affordable luxury, products that simultaneously deliver a sugar high and a nostalgic feeling of excitement, by reminding consumers of the innocent pleasures of childhood.

What is stated in the text?

Task 3

Unforgettable Holidays

Yellowstone Winter Family Tour

Introduce your family to the magic of Yellowstone in winter, when wildlife is easier to spot against the white landscape. Watch the geyser Old Faithful explode into the sky, and discover Yellowstone’s more hidden treasures as you explore in the comfort of heated snow coaches. Exploring with a naturalist, learn about the reintroduction of wolves in the park. Enjoy activities designed for explorers of all ages!

Which of the journeys gives a chance ________?

Holiday Journey in the Sea of Cortez

Explore a world of sparkling deserts, deep blue seas, wild islands and dazzling marine life on a holiday voyage into the Sea of Cortez. In the company of wildlife biologists, explore this UNESCO World Heritage site to the fullest on a variety of daily excursions. Go kayaking and snorkeling among sea lions, brilliant blue damselfish, and schools of king angelfish, or follow naturalists on hikes among giant cactuses.

Which of the journeys gives a chance ________?

Alaska Family Adventure

Discover stunning landscapes and wildlife on a family expedition into the heart of Alaska’s untouched wilderness. Stay in cozy cabins in Denali National Park and in alpine luxury at a beautiful mountain resort. Head out on naturalist-led hikes to search for moose, caribou, wolves, and grizzly bears. Meet Alaska’s wild residents up close at a local conservation centre, and scan the horizon for whales and other marine life on a wildlife cruise through Prince William Sound.

Which of the journeys gives a chance ________?

Australia Expedition

Australia’s isolation for millennia allowed unique ecosystems and cultures to thrive. Explore its forests, deserts, and the world’s largest coral reef; and spot fascinating wildlife. Meet members of the Aboriginal community and learn about their spiritual beliefs. Attend a show at the world-famous Sydney Opera House. Experience Australia through the lens of your On Assignment project — Photography or Filmmaking.

Which of the journeys gives a chance ________?

Bhutan: Kingdom in the Clouds

Within the folds of Bhutan’s mountains le sacred temples, dazzling rice fields, and villages unchanged by time. On this magical journey, experience the wonders of the last Mahayana Buddhist kingdom of the Himalaya. Hike to ancient dzongs, meet local families, wander through serene monasteries, discover unique artistic traditions, and witness one of Bhutan’s colourful parades and processions at local festivals.

Which of the journeys gives a chance ________?

Biodiversity Conservation

When it comes to natural resources, Brazil is full of superlatives. It is home to the largest rainforest in the world, one of the largest wetlands, the greatest number of species, and nearly 5,000 miles of coast. Encounter an incredible array of wildlife as you explore by horseback, boat, and foot, learning the successes of and challenges to conservation efforts here. Then join scientists to work on the preservation of the golden lion tamarin in the jungles north of Rio.

Which of the journeys gives a chance ________?

Task 4

When Giants Go Mini: Size of Dinosaurs Surprises Paleontologists

When very small dinosaur bones were found in a rock mine in Germany’s Harz Mountains in 1998, (17)______ .

But paleontologist Martin Sander’s work shows that they were probably full grown! Named Europasaurus, they are the smallest of the giant dinosaur species ever found.

Growth marks on dinosaur bones are similar to growth rings on trees. The rings are far apart (18)______ . They form closer together as growth slows.

“It is precisely these tight compressed marks that we have discovered just beneath the surface of the fossil bones,” says Sander. So the Europasaurus fossils in the mine must have been from full-grown animals.

Why was Europasaurus, (19)______ , so much smaller than its cousins the brachiosaurs, which grew up to 148 feet (45 metres) long and weighed as much as a thousand humans?

Back 150 million years ago, most of Germany was underwater. Scientists think (20)______ , land and food there became more and more scarce. Europasaurus was forced to adapt to its shrinking habitat, so (21)______ .

Since 1998, an international team of scientists has carefully dug up more than 1,000 dinosaur fossils in the rock mine. It is one of the few places in the world (22)______ .

When Giants Go Mini: Size of Dinosaurs Surprises Paleontologists

When very small dinosaur bones were found in a rock mine in Germany’s Harz Mountains in 1998, (17)______ .

But paleontologist Martin Sander’s work shows that they were probably full grown! Named Europasaurus, they are the smallest of the giant dinosaur species ever found.

Growth marks on dinosaur bones are similar to growth rings on trees. The rings are far apart (18)______ . They form closer together as growth slows.

“It is precisely these tight compressed marks that we have discovered just beneath the surface of the fossil bones,” says Sander. So the Europasaurus fossils in the mine must have been from full-grown animals.

Why was Europasaurus, (19)______ , so much smaller than its cousins the brachiosaurs, which grew up to 148 feet (45 metres) long and weighed as much as a thousand humans?

Back 150 million years ago, most of Germany was underwater. Scientists think (20)______ , land and food there became more and more scarce. Europasaurus was forced to adapt to its shrinking habitat, so (21)______ .

Since 1998, an international team of scientists has carefully dug up more than 1,000 dinosaur fossils in the rock mine. It is one of the few places in the world (22)______ .