Read the text below. For questions choose the correct answer (A, B, C or D).

The Beak of the Toucan

Why does the toucan ______ ______ such an enormous beak? The answer, we learned in August, may be that it uses it ______ ______ body temperature. Infrared measurement ______ ______ just before sleep shows that the bird’s long beak — which can grow to ______ ______ of its body size — gets hotter, ______ ______ the bird uses it in the presleep cooling process. At other times, as the external heat rises, so too does the heat of the toucan’s beak, while its core body heat stays the same.

... ______ ______ the bird uses it in the presleep cooling process...

Read the text below. For questions (38–42) choose the correct answer (A, B, C or D).

Scientific Progress

Despite warnings that it might set off a catastrophic chain reaction that could (38) ______ the Earth, scientists have (39) ______ created a miniature version of the Big Bang, without any observable ill effects. They were able (40) ______ a temperature of (41) ______ ten trillion degrees — a million times hotter than the centre of the sun — by (42) ______ together lead ions at incredible speeds in the Large Hadron Collider, a 27 km underground tunnel at the CERN (European Organization for Nuclear Research) facility near Geneva.

Despite warnings that it might set off a catastrophic chain reaction that could (38) ______ the Earth, ...

Read the text below. For questions (38–42) choose the correct answer (A, B, C or D).

Scientific Progress

Despite warnings that it might set off a catastrophic chain reaction that could (38) ______ the Earth, scientists have (39) ______ created a miniature version of the Big Bang, without any observable ill effects. They were able (40) ______ a temperature of (41) ______ ten trillion degrees — a million times hotter than the centre of the sun — by (42) ______ together lead ions at incredible speeds in the Large Hadron Collider, a 27 km underground tunnel at the CERN (European Organization for Nuclear Research) facility near Geneva.

... scientists have (39) ______ created a miniature version of the Big Bang, without any observable ill effects.

Read the text below. For questions (38–42) choose the correct answer (A, B, C or D).

Scientific Progress

Despite warnings that it might set off a catastrophic chain reaction that could (38) ______ the Earth, scientists have (39) ______ created a miniature version of the Big Bang, without any observable ill effects. They were able (40) ______ a temperature of (41) ______ ten trillion degrees — a million times hotter than the centre of the sun — by (42) ______ together lead ions at incredible speeds in the Large Hadron Collider, a 27 km underground tunnel at the CERN (European Organization for Nuclear Research) facility near Geneva.

They were able (40) ______ a temperature ...

Read the text below. For questions (38–42) choose the correct answer (A, B, C or D).

Scientific Progress

Despite warnings that it might set off a catastrophic chain reaction that could (38) ______ the Earth, scientists have (39) ______ created a miniature version of the Big Bang, without any observable ill effects. They were able (40) ______ a temperature of (41) ______ ten trillion degrees — a million times hotter than the centre of the sun — by (42) ______ together lead ions at incredible speeds in the Large Hadron Collider, a 27 km underground tunnel at the CERN (European Organization for Nuclear Research) facility near Geneva.

... a temperature of (41) ______ ten trillion degrees — a million times hotter than the centre of the sun ...

Read the text below. For questions (38–42) choose the correct answer (A, B, C or D).

Scientific Progress

Despite warnings that it might set off a catastrophic chain reaction that could (38) ______ the Earth, scientists have (39) ______ created a miniature version of the Big Bang, without any observable ill effects. They were able (40) ______ a temperature of (41) ______ ten trillion degrees — a million times hotter than the centre of the sun — by (42) ______ together lead ions at incredible speeds in the Large Hadron Collider, a 27 km underground tunnel at the CERN (European Organization for Nuclear Research) facility near Geneva.

... a million times hotter than the centre of the sun — by (42) ______ together lead ions at incredible speeds in the Large Hadron Collider ...

Read the texts below. Match choices (A–H) to (1–5). There are three choices you do not need to use.

Shaking hands is a polite gesture indicating friendship and acceptance. At one time, however, meeting with a stranger aroused suspicion and fear. To prevent each other from suddenly attacking, strangers joined right hands as a pledge of non-aggression, thus demonstrating that neither party was about to use a weapon. Handshaking is now the activity practised by both men and women not only to greet one another, but to seal a contract as well.

Read the texts below. Match choices (A–H) to (1–5). There are three choices you do not need to use.

The American “OK” sign, the joining of the thumb and forefinger in a circle, indicates that all is well or perfect. The “OK” sign acquired its modern connotation from the ancient world, wherein the circle itself was one of the oldest and most common symbols for perfection. The verbal expression “OK” is native to the United States and was formed in support of the letter “O” indicating that something was as perfect as a circle.

Read the texts below. Match choices (A–H) to (1–5). There are three choices you do not need to use.

When not used in hitchhiking, the thumbs-up gesture in American culture typically indicates “I like that”, while the thumbs-down gesture indicates your negative feelings towards something. The gesture has been linked to the time of the Roman arena, where the emperor supposedly ordered life or death for a gladiator by turning thumbs up or thumbs down.

Read the texts below. Match choices (A–H) to (1–5). There are three choices you do not need to use.

Crossing one’s fingers serves as protection from bad luck or from the penalties associated with lying. Thus, when people wish for good luck, they cross their fingers, and when they wish not to be held accountable for a lie, they cross their fingers and hide their arms behind their backs to not let on that they are lying.

Read the texts below. Match choices (A–H) to (1–5). There are three choices you do not need to use.

By sticking out their tongues, people react to situations that may be unpleasant for them. Such displays indicate laughing or rejection. For example, children often stick out their tongues to tease each other. Or, they may also stick out their tongues in reaction to activities requiring close concentration; hence, the tongue-showing of children focused on their homework.

Read the text below. For questions (6–10) choose the correct answer (A, B, C or D).

Generation Gap

As president of the Walt Disney Company’s children’s book and magazine publishing unit, Russell Hampton knows a thing or two about teenagers. Or he thought as much until he was driving his 14-year-old daughter, Katie, and two friends to a play last year in Los Angeles.

“Katie and her friends were sitting in the back seat talking to each other about some movie star; I think it was Orlando Bloom,” recalled Mr. Hampton. “I made some comment about him, I don’t remember exactly what, but I got the typical teenager sigh and Katie rolled her eyes at me as if to say, ‘Oh Dad, you are so out of it.’ ”
After that, the back-seat chattering stopped. When Mr. Hampton looked into his rearview mirror he saw his daughter sending a text message on her cellphone. “Katie, you shouldn’t be texting all the time,” Mr. Hampton recalled telling her. “Your friends are there. It’s rude.” Katie rolled her eyes again.

“But, Dad, we’re texting each other,” she replied. “I don’t want you to hear what I’m saying.” Mr. Hampton turned his attention back to the freeway. It’s a common scene these days, one playing out in cars, kitchens and bedrooms across the country.

Children increasingly rely on personal technological devices like cellphones to define themselves and create social circles apart from their families, changing the way they communicate with their parents. Adults and teenagers alike found a form of easy communication unknown to the inventor of the telephone, Alexander Graham Bell, and his daughters.

And the computer, along with the Internet, has given even very young children virtual lives distinctly separate from those of their parents and siblings.

Social psychologists who have studied the social impact of mobile communications, say these trends are likely to continue as cellphones turn into mini hand-held computers, social networking devices and pint-sized movie screens.

“For kids it has become an identity-shaping and psyche-changing object,” Ms. Turkle said. “No one creates a new technology really understanding how it will be used or how it can change a society.”

What is mentioned in the text about Russell Hampton?

Read the text below. For questions (6–10) choose the correct answer (A, B, C or D).

Generation Gap

As president of the Walt Disney Company’s children’s book and magazine publishing unit, Russell Hampton knows a thing or two about teenagers. Or he thought as much until he was driving his 14-year-old daughter, Katie, and two friends to a play last year in Los Angeles.

“Katie and her friends were sitting in the back seat talking to each other about some movie star; I think it was Orlando Bloom,” recalled Mr. Hampton. “I made some comment about him, I don’t remember exactly what, but I got the typical teenager sigh and Katie rolled her eyes at me as if to say, ‘Oh Dad, you are so out of it.’ ”
After that, the back-seat chattering stopped. When Mr. Hampton looked into his rearview mirror he saw his daughter sending a text message on her cellphone. “Katie, you shouldn’t be texting all the time,” Mr. Hampton recalled telling her. “Your friends are there. It’s rude.” Katie rolled her eyes again.

“But, Dad, we’re texting each other,” she replied. “I don’t want you to hear what I’m saying.” Mr. Hampton turned his attention back to the freeway. It’s a common scene these days, one playing out in cars, kitchens and bedrooms across the country.

Children increasingly rely on personal technological devices like cellphones to define themselves and create social circles apart from their families, changing the way they communicate with their parents. Adults and teenagers alike found a form of easy communication unknown to the inventor of the telephone, Alexander Graham Bell, and his daughters.

And the computer, along with the Internet, has given even very young children virtual lives distinctly separate from those of their parents and siblings.

Social psychologists who have studied the social impact of mobile communications, say these trends are likely to continue as cellphones turn into mini hand-held computers, social networking devices and pint-sized movie screens.

“For kids it has become an identity-shaping and psyche-changing object,” Ms. Turkle said. “No one creates a new technology really understanding how it will be used or how it can change a society.”

Why did Katie and her friends stop chattering in the car?

Read the text below. For questions (6–10) choose the correct answer (A, B, C or D).

Generation Gap

As president of the Walt Disney Company’s children’s book and magazine publishing unit, Russell Hampton knows a thing or two about teenagers. Or he thought as much until he was driving his 14-year-old daughter, Katie, and two friends to a play last year in Los Angeles.

“Katie and her friends were sitting in the back seat talking to each other about some movie star; I think it was Orlando Bloom,” recalled Mr. Hampton. “I made some comment about him, I don’t remember exactly what, but I got the typical teenager sigh and Katie rolled her eyes at me as if to say, ‘Oh Dad, you are so out of it.’ ”
After that, the back-seat chattering stopped. When Mr. Hampton looked into his rearview mirror he saw his daughter sending a text message on her cellphone. “Katie, you shouldn’t be texting all the time,” Mr. Hampton recalled telling her. “Your friends are there. It’s rude.” Katie rolled her eyes again.

“But, Dad, we’re texting each other,” she replied. “I don’t want you to hear what I’m saying.” Mr. Hampton turned his attention back to the freeway. It’s a common scene these days, one playing out in cars, kitchens and bedrooms across the country.

Children increasingly rely on personal technological devices like cellphones to define themselves and create social circles apart from their families, changing the way they communicate with their parents. Adults and teenagers alike found a form of easy communication unknown to the inventor of the telephone, Alexander Graham Bell, and his daughters.

And the computer, along with the Internet, has given even very young children virtual lives distinctly separate from those of their parents and siblings.

Social psychologists who have studied the social impact of mobile communications, say these trends are likely to continue as cellphones turn into mini hand-held computers, social networking devices and pint-sized movie screens.

“For kids it has become an identity-shaping and psyche-changing object,” Ms. Turkle said. “No one creates a new technology really understanding how it will be used or how it can change a society.”

Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the text?