Національний мультитест з англійської мови – Національний мультитест з англійської мови

Raccoon Scales Building

A woman (28)________ on the 10th floor of an apartment building was shocked to discover a raccoon asleep on her balcony. She called experts from Skedaddle Humane Wildlife Control to come remove the animal and return it to the wild. The raccoon had (29)________ plans, though. When the team from Skedaddle (30)________, the raccoon darted to the corner of the balcony, hoisted itself over the railing, and slowly inched backward down the building. After taking a break on a fourth-floor balcony, the raccoon resumed its trip to the ground, and ran away from the apartment building.

Larry Sorel, director of the Seneca Park Zoo in Rochester, New York, says balconies can be inviting places for raccoons to shelter, especially if food (31)________ out. “Raccoons are great climbers – they can get almost (32)________ with their human-like hands,” Sorel says. “But I’m surprised this raccoon climbed quite so high!”

Raccoon Scales Building

A woman (28)________ on the 10th floor of an apartment building was shocked to discover a raccoon asleep on her balcony. She called experts from Skedaddle Humane Wildlife Control to come remove the animal and return it to the wild. The raccoon had (29)________ plans, though. When the team from Skedaddle (30)________, the raccoon darted to the corner of the balcony, hoisted itself over the railing, and slowly inched backward down the building. After taking a break on a fourth-floor balcony, the raccoon resumed its trip to the ground, and ran away from the apartment building.

Larry Sorel, director of the Seneca Park Zoo in Rochester, New York, says balconies can be inviting places for raccoons to shelter, especially if food (31)________ out. “Raccoons are great climbers – they can get almost (32)________ with their human-like hands,” Sorel says. “But I’m surprised this raccoon climbed quite so high!”

Raccoon Scales Building

A woman (28)________ on the 10th floor of an apartment building was shocked to discover a raccoon asleep on her balcony. She called experts from Skedaddle Humane Wildlife Control to come remove the animal and return it to the wild. The raccoon had (29)________ plans, though. When the team from Skedaddle (30)________, the raccoon darted to the corner of the balcony, hoisted itself over the railing, and slowly inched backward down the building. After taking a break on a fourth-floor balcony, the raccoon resumed its trip to the ground, and ran away from the apartment building.

Larry Sorel, director of the Seneca Park Zoo in Rochester, New York, says balconies can be inviting places for raccoons to shelter, especially if food (31)________ out. “Raccoons are great climbers – they can get almost (32)________ with their human-like hands,” Sorel says. “But I’m surprised this raccoon climbed quite so high!”

Raccoon Scales Building

A woman (28)________ on the 10th floor of an apartment building was shocked to discover a raccoon asleep on her balcony. She called experts from Skedaddle Humane Wildlife Control to come remove the animal and return it to the wild. The raccoon had (29)________ plans, though. When the team from Skedaddle (30)________, the raccoon darted to the corner of the balcony, hoisted itself over the railing, and slowly inched backward down the building. After taking a break on a fourth-floor balcony, the raccoon resumed its trip to the ground, and ran away from the apartment building.

Larry Sorel, director of the Seneca Park Zoo in Rochester, New York, says balconies can be inviting places for raccoons to shelter, especially if food (31)________ out. “Raccoons are great climbers – they can get almost (32)________ with their human-like hands,” Sorel says. “But I’m surprised this raccoon climbed quite so high!”

Could Early Music Training Help Babies Learn Language?

I started playing the piano when I was nine years old, and learning English when I was 12. Later, it (23) ________ me how similar language and music are to each other. Language and music both require rhythm; otherwise they don’t (24)________ any sense. They’re also both built from smaller units – syllables and musical beats. And the process of (25)________ them is remarkably similar, including precise movements, repetitive practice and focused (26)________.

All of this made me (27)________ if music shapes how the brain perceives sounds other than musical notes. And if so, could learning music help us learn languages?

Could Early Music Training Help Babies Learn Language?

I started playing the piano when I was nine years old, and learning English when I was 12. Later, it (23) ________ me how similar language and music are to each other. Language and music both require rhythm; otherwise they don’t (24)________ any sense. They’re also both built from smaller units – syllables and musical beats. And the process of (25)________ them is remarkably similar, including precise movements, repetitive practice and focused (26)________.

All of this made me (27)________ if music shapes how the brain perceives sounds other than musical notes. And if so, could learning music help us learn languages?

Could Early Music Training Help Babies Learn Language?

I started playing the piano when I was nine years old, and learning English when I was 12. Later, it (23) ________ me how similar language and music are to each other. Language and music both require rhythm; otherwise they don’t (24)________ any sense. They’re also both built from smaller units – syllables and musical beats. And the process of (25)________ them is remarkably similar, including precise movements, repetitive practice and focused (26)________.

All of this made me (27)________ if music shapes how the brain perceives sounds other than musical notes. And if so, could learning music help us learn languages?

Could Early Music Training Help Babies Learn Language?

I started playing the piano when I was nine years old, and learning English when I was 12. Later, it (23) ________ me how similar language and music are to each other. Language and music both require rhythm; otherwise they don’t (24)________ any sense. They’re also both built from smaller units – syllables and musical beats. And the process of (25)________ them is remarkably similar, including precise movements, repetitive practice and focused (26)________.

All of this made me (27)________ if music shapes how the brain perceives sounds other than musical notes. And if so, could learning music help us learn languages?

Could Early Music Training Help Babies Learn Language?

I started playing the piano when I was nine years old, and learning English when I was 12. Later, it (23) ________ me how similar language and music are to each other. Language and music both require rhythm; otherwise they don’t (24)________ any sense. They’re also both built from smaller units – syllables and musical beats. And the process of (25)________ them is remarkably similar, including precise movements, repetitive practice and focused (26)________.

All of this made me (27)________ if music shapes how the brain perceives sounds other than musical notes. And if so, could learning music help us learn languages?

What is a Pecha Kucha Presentation?

Imagine this: You're in a presentation, (17) ________ reading directly from a PowerPoint. Their voice is monotonous, and without realising it, you start disconnecting from what they are saying within a few minutes. Sounds familiar? The good news: there is a solution. If you want your presentations to tell a story, and keep the audience engaged, there is a presentation style you should know about: Pecha Kucha.

Pecha Kucha, chit-chat in Japanese, is a unique presentation style. These presentations are known for (18) ________ rather than text and are typically brief. They use the 20x20 rule, where each presentation consists of 20 slides, and each slide is displayed for only 20 seconds, automatically progressing to the next one. This results in a total presentation time of 6 minutes and 40 seconds.

This might be a new format that challenges the speaker more than regular presentations, but it undoubtedly has its benefits. The main one is the huge improvement in the audience’s experience. Why? It keeps presentations concise and dynamic, (19) ________. It minimises distractions and maximises engagement. It helps speakers stay on-topic, preventing them from going off track and (20) ________.

Pecha Kucha presentations were created in Tokyo in 2003 by architects Astrid Klein and Mark Dytham. Since then, its popularity has gone beyond the design field, (21)________. These presentations are now used in many different settings (22)________ and even informal gatherings.

What is a Pecha Kucha Presentation?

Imagine this: You're in a presentation, (17) ________ reading directly from a PowerPoint. Their voice is monotonous, and without realising it, you start disconnecting from what they are saying within a few minutes. Sounds familiar? The good news: there is a solution. If you want your presentations to tell a story, and keep the audience engaged, there is a presentation style you should know about: Pecha Kucha.

Pecha Kucha, chit-chat in Japanese, is a unique presentation style. These presentations are known for (18) ________ rather than text and are typically brief. They use the 20x20 rule, where each presentation consists of 20 slides, and each slide is displayed for only 20 seconds, automatically progressing to the next one. This results in a total presentation time of 6 minutes and 40 seconds.

This might be a new format that challenges the speaker more than regular presentations, but it undoubtedly has its benefits. The main one is the huge improvement in the audience’s experience. Why? It keeps presentations concise and dynamic, (19) ________. It minimises distractions and maximises engagement. It helps speakers stay on-topic, preventing them from going off track and (20) ________.

Pecha Kucha presentations were created in Tokyo in 2003 by architects Astrid Klein and Mark Dytham. Since then, its popularity has gone beyond the design field, (21)________. These presentations are now used in many different settings (22)________ and even informal gatherings.

What is a Pecha Kucha Presentation?

Imagine this: You're in a presentation, (17) ________ reading directly from a PowerPoint. Their voice is monotonous, and without realising it, you start disconnecting from what they are saying within a few minutes. Sounds familiar? The good news: there is a solution. If you want your presentations to tell a story, and keep the audience engaged, there is a presentation style you should know about: Pecha Kucha.

Pecha Kucha, chit-chat in Japanese, is a unique presentation style. These presentations are known for (18) ________ rather than text and are typically brief. They use the 20x20 rule, where each presentation consists of 20 slides, and each slide is displayed for only 20 seconds, automatically progressing to the next one. This results in a total presentation time of 6 minutes and 40 seconds.

This might be a new format that challenges the speaker more than regular presentations, but it undoubtedly has its benefits. The main one is the huge improvement in the audience’s experience. Why? It keeps presentations concise and dynamic, (19) ________. It minimises distractions and maximises engagement. It helps speakers stay on-topic, preventing them from going off track and (20) ________.

Pecha Kucha presentations were created in Tokyo in 2003 by architects Astrid Klein and Mark Dytham. Since then, its popularity has gone beyond the design field, (21)________. These presentations are now used in many different settings (22)________ and even informal gatherings.

What is a Pecha Kucha Presentation?

Imagine this: You're in a presentation, (17) ________ reading directly from a PowerPoint. Their voice is monotonous, and without realising it, you start disconnecting from what they are saying within a few minutes. Sounds familiar? The good news: there is a solution. If you want your presentations to tell a story, and keep the audience engaged, there is a presentation style you should know about: Pecha Kucha.

Pecha Kucha, chit-chat in Japanese, is a unique presentation style. These presentations are known for (18) ________ rather than text and are typically brief. They use the 20x20 rule, where each presentation consists of 20 slides, and each slide is displayed for only 20 seconds, automatically progressing to the next one. This results in a total presentation time of 6 minutes and 40 seconds.

This might be a new format that challenges the speaker more than regular presentations, but it undoubtedly has its benefits. The main one is the huge improvement in the audience’s experience. Why? It keeps presentations concise and dynamic, (19) ________. It minimises distractions and maximises engagement. It helps speakers stay on-topic, preventing them from going off track and (20) ________.

Pecha Kucha presentations were created in Tokyo in 2003 by architects Astrid Klein and Mark Dytham. Since then, its popularity has gone beyond the design field, (21)________. These presentations are now used in many different settings (22)________ and even informal gatherings.

What is a Pecha Kucha Presentation?

Imagine this: You're in a presentation, (17) ________ reading directly from a PowerPoint. Their voice is monotonous, and without realising it, you start disconnecting from what they are saying within a few minutes. Sounds familiar? The good news: there is a solution. If you want your presentations to tell a story, and keep the audience engaged, there is a presentation style you should know about: Pecha Kucha.

Pecha Kucha, chit-chat in Japanese, is a unique presentation style. These presentations are known for (18) ________ rather than text and are typically brief. They use the 20x20 rule, where each presentation consists of 20 slides, and each slide is displayed for only 20 seconds, automatically progressing to the next one. This results in a total presentation time of 6 minutes and 40 seconds.

This might be a new format that challenges the speaker more than regular presentations, but it undoubtedly has its benefits. The main one is the huge improvement in the audience’s experience. Why? It keeps presentations concise and dynamic, (19) ________. It minimises distractions and maximises engagement. It helps speakers stay on-topic, preventing them from going off track and (20) ________.

Pecha Kucha presentations were created in Tokyo in 2003 by architects Astrid Klein and Mark Dytham. Since then, its popularity has gone beyond the design field, (21)________. These presentations are now used in many different settings (22)________ and even informal gatherings.

What is a Pecha Kucha Presentation?

Imagine this: You're in a presentation, (17) ________ reading directly from a PowerPoint. Their voice is monotonous, and without realising it, you start disconnecting from what they are saying within a few minutes. Sounds familiar? The good news: there is a solution. If you want your presentations to tell a story, and keep the audience engaged, there is a presentation style you should know about: Pecha Kucha.

Pecha Kucha, chit-chat in Japanese, is a unique presentation style. These presentations are known for (18) ________ rather than text and are typically brief. They use the 20x20 rule, where each presentation consists of 20 slides, and each slide is displayed for only 20 seconds, automatically progressing to the next one. This results in a total presentation time of 6 minutes and 40 seconds.

This might be a new format that challenges the speaker more than regular presentations, but it undoubtedly has its benefits. The main one is the huge improvement in the audience’s experience. Why? It keeps presentations concise and dynamic, (19) ________. It minimises distractions and maximises engagement. It helps speakers stay on-topic, preventing them from going off track and (20) ________.

Pecha Kucha presentations were created in Tokyo in 2003 by architects Astrid Klein and Mark Dytham. Since then, its popularity has gone beyond the design field, (21)________. These presentations are now used in many different settings (22)________ and even informal gatherings.

Take-Out Pop-Up Restaurant, Singapore

A custom mobile shipping container restaurant has launched a world tour, leaving its home of Singapore to places like London, Paris, New York, Dubai and Sydney. The 20-foot used shipping container opens to display a mouth-watering assortment of Singaporean foods, and will also be used as a demonstration kitchen to show off Singapore’s culinary talent and food brands.

This restaurant ________.

Baggers restaurant, Nuremberg

At this futuristic eatery, the wait staff is a thing of the past. Guests place their orders via a touch-screen computer at each table. When the food is ready, it zips to the table along a twisting track from the kitchen above directly to the guests at their tables. Dishes are covered and strapped well onto the trays so that they don’t go flying across.

This restaurant ________.

A380 In-flight Kitchen, Taipei

If you just can’t get enough of eating on planes but you’re sick of going through security and paying expensive airfare to do it, you may want to visit the A380 In-Flight Kitchen in Taipei. The restaurant resembles the inside of a plane, with oval-shaped windows, baggage compartments, and speckled blue seats complete with headrests. Waitresses dress like air hostesses, and “passengers” have much more than just chicken or fish to choose from.

This restaurant ________.

The Grey Plume, Omaha

Not only does the restaurant feature a menu full of seasonal, locally-grown produce and meats and dairy products delivered directly from local farms; it has also included highly efficient appliances, solar-powered hand sinks, LED lighting, recycling and composting programmes, non-toxic cleaning materials and eco-friendly products. All the wood used to build the Grey Plume is FSC-certified, and many of the other materials were recycled.

This restaurant ________.

Acorn House, London

Acorn House seasonal food is located in the Shoreditch area of the city. The restaurant composts and recycles all of its waste, buys only organic and fair trade food products as well as seasonal foods, uses boxes that can be sent back to suppliers, and picks up produce in its biodiesel car. Acorn House also boasts a training programme that prepares local youths to become sustainability-minded chefs.

This restaurant ________.

Unusual Restaurants

Dans Le Noir, London

It’s a novel concept where diners are served meals in complete darkness. Visitors must rely on their server for everything. Guests are guided to the table by the waiters armed with night view binoculars. Then the waiters take customers’ dietary preferences, and after that the idea is to lose all control over one’s meal and give oneself over to just experiencing it. This concept restaurant currently has branches in nine cities around the world.

This restaurant ________.

Give Me Your Undivided Attention

As I was wandering the campus on Sunday, I saw an unusual number of couples walking hand in hand where one of the pair was simultaneously talking on a cell phone. Strangest of all was a couple who were both talking on their phones. It’s possible that they were talking to each other, but I doubt it. It seems a shame to waste an idyllic walk with one’s significant other by talking to someone else on the phone.

It’s not at all uncommon to see parents talking on the phone while pushing a stroller. Being ignored by one’s parents builds a child’s character and independence, but again it seems like a missed opportunity for a bit of togetherness. It’s just payback when teenagers don’t want to be seen with their parents, a phenomenon you can observe in family groups where a bored teen chats on the phone while the elders point out the campus sights.

But cell phones seem to encourage us to do too many things at the same time. Last spring, I saw a guy riding a bike, and holding his dog’s leash with one hand while talking on his phone with the other. The dog seemed quite happy. I wonder what would happen if the dog decided to chase a squirrel, or the bike ran into one of the giant potholes that had opened up over the winter, or a cell-phoning parent and stroller suddenly came out of nowhere.

Professors Sam Wang and Alan Gelperin gave a talk about Neuroscience and Everyday Life. One of their topics was experimental results that show that multitasking is not as efficient as doing tasks sequentially – overall performance suffers when we try to do two things at the same time. At lectures the problem is the distracting effect of texting, tweeting and checking Facebook while the person at the front of the room is trying to explain something. There’s little doubt that people who play with their phones and computers while sometimes tuning in to the lecture do not learn as well as those who focus.

Another study showed that driving while distracted is a major cause of auto accidents; cell-phone use, especially texting, is implicated in a quarter to a third of all fatalities. One doesn’t have to drive far on a typical interstate to see someone weaving between lanes, or drifting onto the shoulder, or slowing down dangerously because they’re looking down at a phone. Of course, there are plenty of other driving distractions, like eating, reading, shaving, putting on makeup, fiddling with the GPS, and holding animated conversations with passengers. But texting seems to be the equivalent of being well over the legal limit for alcohol.

In ancient cars like mine, the controls are buttons and knobs of various sizes and shapes, which can be manipulated by feel. But the trend in new cars is toward interfaces that require looking at a touch screen to select items from a menu, just like a phone or a computer screen. You can’t operate such interfaces without taking your eyes off the road for considerable periods of time. At 75 miles per hour, a car travels 110 feet in one second, so if you poke around on a screen for three seconds trying to adjust the radio, you’ve covered the length of a football field without seeing what’s around you.

The author writes about the following driving distractions EXCEPT ________.

Give Me Your Undivided Attention

As I was wandering the campus on Sunday, I saw an unusual number of couples walking hand in hand where one of the pair was simultaneously talking on a cell phone. Strangest of all was a couple who were both talking on their phones. It’s possible that they were talking to each other, but I doubt it. It seems a shame to waste an idyllic walk with one’s significant other by talking to someone else on the phone.

It’s not at all uncommon to see parents talking on the phone while pushing a stroller. Being ignored by one’s parents builds a child’s character and independence, but again it seems like a missed opportunity for a bit of togetherness. It’s just payback when teenagers don’t want to be seen with their parents, a phenomenon you can observe in family groups where a bored teen chats on the phone while the elders point out the campus sights.

But cell phones seem to encourage us to do too many things at the same time. Last spring, I saw a guy riding a bike, and holding his dog’s leash with one hand while talking on his phone with the other. The dog seemed quite happy. I wonder what would happen if the dog decided to chase a squirrel, or the bike ran into one of the giant potholes that had opened up over the winter, or a cell-phoning parent and stroller suddenly came out of nowhere.

Professors Sam Wang and Alan Gelperin gave a talk about Neuroscience and Everyday Life. One of their topics was experimental results that show that multitasking is not as efficient as doing tasks sequentially – overall performance suffers when we try to do two things at the same time. At lectures the problem is the distracting effect of texting, tweeting and checking Facebook while the person at the front of the room is trying to explain something. There’s little doubt that people who play with their phones and computers while sometimes tuning in to the lecture do not learn as well as those who focus.

Another study showed that driving while distracted is a major cause of auto accidents; cell-phone use, especially texting, is implicated in a quarter to a third of all fatalities. One doesn’t have to drive far on a typical interstate to see someone weaving between lanes, or drifting onto the shoulder, or slowing down dangerously because they’re looking down at a phone. Of course, there are plenty of other driving distractions, like eating, reading, shaving, putting on makeup, fiddling with the GPS, and holding animated conversations with passengers. But texting seems to be the equivalent of being well over the legal limit for alcohol.

In ancient cars like mine, the controls are buttons and knobs of various sizes and shapes, which can be manipulated by feel. But the trend in new cars is toward interfaces that require looking at a touch screen to select items from a menu, just like a phone or a computer screen. You can’t operate such interfaces without taking your eyes off the road for considerable periods of time. At 75 miles per hour, a car travels 110 feet in one second, so if you poke around on a screen for three seconds trying to adjust the radio, you’ve covered the length of a football field without seeing what’s around you.

Which of the following is stated in the text?

Give Me Your Undivided Attention

As I was wandering the campus on Sunday, I saw an unusual number of couples walking hand in hand where one of the pair was simultaneously talking on a cell phone. Strangest of all was a couple who were both talking on their phones. It’s possible that they were talking to each other, but I doubt it. It seems a shame to waste an idyllic walk with one’s significant other by talking to someone else on the phone.

It’s not at all uncommon to see parents talking on the phone while pushing a stroller. Being ignored by one’s parents builds a child’s character and independence, but again it seems like a missed opportunity for a bit of togetherness. It’s just payback when teenagers don’t want to be seen with their parents, a phenomenon you can observe in family groups where a bored teen chats on the phone while the elders point out the campus sights.

But cell phones seem to encourage us to do too many things at the same time. Last spring, I saw a guy riding a bike, and holding his dog’s leash with one hand while talking on his phone with the other. The dog seemed quite happy. I wonder what would happen if the dog decided to chase a squirrel, or the bike ran into one of the giant potholes that had opened up over the winter, or a cell-phoning parent and stroller suddenly came out of nowhere.

Professors Sam Wang and Alan Gelperin gave a talk about Neuroscience and Everyday Life. One of their topics was experimental results that show that multitasking is not as efficient as doing tasks sequentially – overall performance suffers when we try to do two things at the same time. At lectures the problem is the distracting effect of texting, tweeting and checking Facebook while the person at the front of the room is trying to explain something. There’s little doubt that people who play with their phones and computers while sometimes tuning in to the lecture do not learn as well as those who focus.

Another study showed that driving while distracted is a major cause of auto accidents; cell-phone use, especially texting, is implicated in a quarter to a third of all fatalities. One doesn’t have to drive far on a typical interstate to see someone weaving between lanes, or drifting onto the shoulder, or slowing down dangerously because they’re looking down at a phone. Of course, there are plenty of other driving distractions, like eating, reading, shaving, putting on makeup, fiddling with the GPS, and holding animated conversations with passengers. But texting seems to be the equivalent of being well over the legal limit for alcohol.

In ancient cars like mine, the controls are buttons and knobs of various sizes and shapes, which can be manipulated by feel. But the trend in new cars is toward interfaces that require looking at a touch screen to select items from a menu, just like a phone or a computer screen. You can’t operate such interfaces without taking your eyes off the road for considerable periods of time. At 75 miles per hour, a car travels 110 feet in one second, so if you poke around on a screen for three seconds trying to adjust the radio, you’ve covered the length of a football field without seeing what’s around you.

Why does the author mention the story with the dog?

Give Me Your Undivided Attention

As I was wandering the campus on Sunday, I saw an unusual number of couples walking hand in hand where one of the pair was simultaneously talking on a cell phone. Strangest of all was a couple who were both talking on their phones. It’s possible that they were talking to each other, but I doubt it. It seems a shame to waste an idyllic walk with one’s significant other by talking to someone else on the phone.

It’s not at all uncommon to see parents talking on the phone while pushing a stroller. Being ignored by one’s parents builds a child’s character and independence, but again it seems like a missed opportunity for a bit of togetherness. It’s just payback when teenagers don’t want to be seen with their parents, a phenomenon you can observe in family groups where a bored teen chats on the phone while the elders point out the campus sights.

But cell phones seem to encourage us to do too many things at the same time. Last spring, I saw a guy riding a bike, and holding his dog’s leash with one hand while talking on his phone with the other. The dog seemed quite happy. I wonder what would happen if the dog decided to chase a squirrel, or the bike ran into one of the giant potholes that had opened up over the winter, or a cell-phoning parent and stroller suddenly came out of nowhere.

Professors Sam Wang and Alan Gelperin gave a talk about Neuroscience and Everyday Life. One of their topics was experimental results that show that multitasking is not as efficient as doing tasks sequentially – overall performance suffers when we try to do two things at the same time. At lectures the problem is the distracting effect of texting, tweeting and checking Facebook while the person at the front of the room is trying to explain something. There’s little doubt that people who play with their phones and computers while sometimes tuning in to the lecture do not learn as well as those who focus.

Another study showed that driving while distracted is a major cause of auto accidents; cell-phone use, especially texting, is implicated in a quarter to a third of all fatalities. One doesn’t have to drive far on a typical interstate to see someone weaving between lanes, or drifting onto the shoulder, or slowing down dangerously because they’re looking down at a phone. Of course, there are plenty of other driving distractions, like eating, reading, shaving, putting on makeup, fiddling with the GPS, and holding animated conversations with passengers. But texting seems to be the equivalent of being well over the legal limit for alcohol.

In ancient cars like mine, the controls are buttons and knobs of various sizes and shapes, which can be manipulated by feel. But the trend in new cars is toward interfaces that require looking at a touch screen to select items from a menu, just like a phone or a computer screen. You can’t operate such interfaces without taking your eyes off the road for considerable periods of time. At 75 miles per hour, a car travels 110 feet in one second, so if you poke around on a screen for three seconds trying to adjust the radio, you’ve covered the length of a football field without seeing what’s around you.

What is the consequence of talking on the phone while walking with a baby?

Give Me Your Undivided Attention

As I was wandering the campus on Sunday, I saw an unusual number of couples walking hand in hand where one of the pair was simultaneously talking on a cell phone. Strangest of all was a couple who were both talking on their phones. It’s possible that they were talking to each other, but I doubt it. It seems a shame to waste an idyllic walk with one’s significant other by talking to someone else on the phone.

It’s not at all uncommon to see parents talking on the phone while pushing a stroller. Being ignored by one’s parents builds a child’s character and independence, but again it seems like a missed opportunity for a bit of togetherness. It’s just payback when teenagers don’t want to be seen with their parents, a phenomenon you can observe in family groups where a bored teen chats on the phone while the elders point out the campus sights.

But cell phones seem to encourage us to do too many things at the same time. Last spring, I saw a guy riding a bike, and holding his dog’s leash with one hand while talking on his phone with the other. The dog seemed quite happy. I wonder what would happen if the dog decided to chase a squirrel, or the bike ran into one of the giant potholes that had opened up over the winter, or a cell-phoning parent and stroller suddenly came out of nowhere.

Professors Sam Wang and Alan Gelperin gave a talk about Neuroscience and Everyday Life. One of their topics was experimental results that show that multitasking is not as efficient as doing tasks sequentially – overall performance suffers when we try to do two things at the same time. At lectures the problem is the distracting effect of texting, tweeting and checking Facebook while the person at the front of the room is trying to explain something. There’s little doubt that people who play with their phones and computers while sometimes tuning in to the lecture do not learn as well as those who focus.

Another study showed that driving while distracted is a major cause of auto accidents; cell-phone use, especially texting, is implicated in a quarter to a third of all fatalities. One doesn’t have to drive far on a typical interstate to see someone weaving between lanes, or drifting onto the shoulder, or slowing down dangerously because they’re looking down at a phone. Of course, there are plenty of other driving distractions, like eating, reading, shaving, putting on makeup, fiddling with the GPS, and holding animated conversations with passengers. But texting seems to be the equivalent of being well over the legal limit for alcohol.

In ancient cars like mine, the controls are buttons and knobs of various sizes and shapes, which can be manipulated by feel. But the trend in new cars is toward interfaces that require looking at a touch screen to select items from a menu, just like a phone or a computer screen. You can’t operate such interfaces without taking your eyes off the road for considerable periods of time. At 75 miles per hour, a car travels 110 feet in one second, so if you poke around on a screen for three seconds trying to adjust the radio, you’ve covered the length of a football field without seeing what’s around you.

What surprises the author most, according to PARAGRAPH 1?

This advertisement is for people who would like to ________.

This advertisement is for people who would like to ________.

This advertisement is for people who would like to ________.

This advertisement is for people who would like to ________.

This advertisement is for people who would like to ________.

Pasta

Worldwide, pasta has become synonymous with Italian cuisine. Italian immigrants themselves brought pasta (28) ________ they went. While it is true that the most famous varieties and recipes of cooking pasta really do come from Italy, (29) ________, the actual origin of pasta lies elsewhere!

So how did pasta make its way to Italy? One of the most popular theories (30) ________ in the Macaroni Journal by the Association of Food Industries. It states that pasta was brought to Italy by Marco Polo via China. (31) ________ even some evidence of 4,000-year-old noodles (32) ________ from millet.

Pasta

Worldwide, pasta has become synonymous with Italian cuisine. Italian immigrants themselves brought pasta (28) ________ they went. While it is true that the most famous varieties and recipes of cooking pasta really do come from Italy, (29) ________, the actual origin of pasta lies elsewhere!

So how did pasta make its way to Italy? One of the most popular theories (30) ________ in the Macaroni Journal by the Association of Food Industries. It states that pasta was brought to Italy by Marco Polo via China. (31) ________ even some evidence of 4,000-year-old noodles (32) ________ from millet.

Pasta

Worldwide, pasta has become synonymous with Italian cuisine. Italian immigrants themselves brought pasta (28) ________ they went. While it is true that the most famous varieties and recipes of cooking pasta really do come from Italy, (29) ________, the actual origin of pasta lies elsewhere!

So how did pasta make its way to Italy? One of the most popular theories (30) ________ in the Macaroni Journal by the Association of Food Industries. It states that pasta was brought to Italy by Marco Polo via China. (31) ________ even some evidence of 4,000-year-old noodles (32) ________ from millet.

Pasta

Worldwide, pasta has become synonymous with Italian cuisine. Italian immigrants themselves brought pasta (28) ________ they went. While it is true that the most famous varieties and recipes of cooking pasta really do come from Italy, (29) ________, the actual origin of pasta lies elsewhere!

So how did pasta make its way to Italy? One of the most popular theories (30) ________ in the Macaroni Journal by the Association of Food Industries. It states that pasta was brought to Italy by Marco Polo via China. (31) ________ even some evidence of 4,000-year-old noodles (32) ________ from millet.

Pasta

Worldwide, pasta has become synonymous with Italian cuisine. Italian immigrants themselves brought pasta (28) ________ they went. While it is true that the most famous varieties and recipes of cooking pasta really do come from Italy, (29) ________, the actual origin of pasta lies elsewhere!

So how did pasta make its way to Italy? One of the most popular theories (30) ________ in the Macaroni Journal by the Association of Food Industries. It states that pasta was brought to Italy by Marco Polo via China. (31) ________ even some evidence of 4,000-year-old noodles (32) ________ from millet.

Facts about the English Language

According to experts, the British accent (23) ________ every 25 miles, and it’s thought a lot of the accents have developed as a (24) ________ of geographic location, early settlers and immigration. For example, it’s been said that until the mid-1800s Liverpudlians (25) ________ similar to those from Manchester, but once the port industries boomed, the Irish and Welsh labourers (26) ________ influenced the accent to give it a different tone. It’s also thought that Anglo-Saxons (27) ________ from various parts of Europe and settling in different areas, created their own regional accent.

Facts about the English Language

According to experts, the British accent (23) ________ every 25 miles, and it’s thought a lot of the accents have developed as a (24) ________ of geographic location, early settlers and immigration. For example, it’s been said that until the mid-1800s Liverpudlians (25) ________ similar to those from Manchester, but once the port industries boomed, the Irish and Welsh labourers (26) ________ influenced the accent to give it a different tone. It’s also thought that Anglo-Saxons (27) ________ from various parts of Europe and settling in different areas, created their own regional accent.

Facts about the English Language

According to experts, the British accent (23) ________ every 25 miles, and it’s thought a lot of the accents have developed as a (24) ________ of geographic location, early settlers and immigration. For example, it’s been said that until the mid-1800s Liverpudlians (25) ________ similar to those from Manchester, but once the port industries boomed, the Irish and Welsh labourers (26) ________ influenced the accent to give it a different tone. It’s also thought that Anglo-Saxons (27) ________ from various parts of Europe and settling in different areas, created their own regional accent.

Facts about the English Language

According to experts, the British accent (23) ________ every 25 miles, and it’s thought a lot of the accents have developed as a (24) ________ of geographic location, early settlers and immigration. For example, it’s been said that until the mid-1800s Liverpudlians (25) ________ similar to those from Manchester, but once the port industries boomed, the Irish and Welsh labourers (26) ________ influenced the accent to give it a different tone. It’s also thought that Anglo-Saxons (27) ________ from various parts of Europe and settling in different areas, created their own regional accent.

Facts about the English Language

According to experts, the British accent (23) ________ every 25 miles, and it’s thought a lot of the accents have developed as a (24) ________ of geographic location, early settlers and immigration. For example, it’s been said that until the mid-1800s Liverpudlians (25) ________ similar to those from Manchester, but once the port industries boomed, the Irish and Welsh labourers (26) ________ influenced the accent to give it a different tone. It’s also thought that Anglo-Saxons (27) ________ from various parts of Europe and settling in different areas, created their own regional accent.

Lessons from My Students in Peru

One of the most life-changing trips I’ve ever been on was a volunteering experience of teaching languages in the stunning city of Cuzco in Peru. I spent a month there teaching English and Italian to a group of local adults. And even though my time there was short, the travel experience was so humbling (17) ________.

My lessons took the form of active conversations, (18) ________ between me and my students. Realising just how different their lives were from mine (19) ________ – made me look at my own life with a fresh new perspective.

One person spoke about the three years he spent living in a jungle with his dad, where they fed off of animals they hunted in order to survive. Another student told me about her ultimate dream of mastering English to become a tour guide, and have a more stable future. For me, these stories were a reminder of just (20) ________, and how much we can get consumed by the small bubbles we live in.

It was impossible not to feel inspired in Cuzco because my students always had the biggest smiles on their faces, and the locals showed me again and again (21) ________. I went to Peru to teach, but ended up learning more from my students and the locals there than they did from me.

Ever since I got back from that trip, I made it a goal to slow down and not take the simple things in life for granted. Every time I get upset about something, I think about the Peruvians in Cuzco parading their streets in song and pure joy, (22) ________.

Lessons from My Students in Peru

One of the most life-changing trips I’ve ever been on was a volunteering experience of teaching languages in the stunning city of Cuzco in Peru. I spent a month there teaching English and Italian to a group of local adults. And even though my time there was short, the travel experience was so humbling (17) ________.

My lessons took the form of active conversations, (18) ________ between me and my students. Realising just how different their lives were from mine (19) ________ – made me look at my own life with a fresh new perspective.

One person spoke about the three years he spent living in a jungle with his dad, where they fed off of animals they hunted in order to survive. Another student told me about her ultimate dream of mastering English to become a tour guide, and have a more stable future. For me, these stories were a reminder of just (20) ________, and how much we can get consumed by the small bubbles we live in.

It was impossible not to feel inspired in Cuzco because my students always had the biggest smiles on their faces, and the locals showed me again and again (21) ________. I went to Peru to teach, but ended up learning more from my students and the locals there than they did from me.

Ever since I got back from that trip, I made it a goal to slow down and not take the simple things in life for granted. Every time I get upset about something, I think about the Peruvians in Cuzco parading their streets in song and pure joy, (22) ________.

Lessons from My Students in Peru

One of the most life-changing trips I’ve ever been on was a volunteering experience of teaching languages in the stunning city of Cuzco in Peru. I spent a month there teaching English and Italian to a group of local adults. And even though my time there was short, the travel experience was so humbling (17) ________.

My lessons took the form of active conversations, (18) ________ between me and my students. Realising just how different their lives were from mine (19) ________ – made me look at my own life with a fresh new perspective.

One person spoke about the three years he spent living in a jungle with his dad, where they fed off of animals they hunted in order to survive. Another student told me about her ultimate dream of mastering English to become a tour guide, and have a more stable future. For me, these stories were a reminder of just (20) ________, and how much we can get consumed by the small bubbles we live in.

It was impossible not to feel inspired in Cuzco because my students always had the biggest smiles on their faces, and the locals showed me again and again (21) ________. I went to Peru to teach, but ended up learning more from my students and the locals there than they did from me.

Ever since I got back from that trip, I made it a goal to slow down and not take the simple things in life for granted. Every time I get upset about something, I think about the Peruvians in Cuzco parading their streets in song and pure joy, (22) ________.

Lessons from My Students in Peru

One of the most life-changing trips I’ve ever been on was a volunteering experience of teaching languages in the stunning city of Cuzco in Peru. I spent a month there teaching English and Italian to a group of local adults. And even though my time there was short, the travel experience was so humbling (17) ________.

My lessons took the form of active conversations, (18) ________ between me and my students. Realising just how different their lives were from mine (19) ________ – made me look at my own life with a fresh new perspective.

One person spoke about the three years he spent living in a jungle with his dad, where they fed off of animals they hunted in order to survive. Another student told me about her ultimate dream of mastering English to become a tour guide, and have a more stable future. For me, these stories were a reminder of just (20) ________, and how much we can get consumed by the small bubbles we live in.

It was impossible not to feel inspired in Cuzco because my students always had the biggest smiles on their faces, and the locals showed me again and again (21) ________. I went to Peru to teach, but ended up learning more from my students and the locals there than they did from me.

Ever since I got back from that trip, I made it a goal to slow down and not take the simple things in life for granted. Every time I get upset about something, I think about the Peruvians in Cuzco parading their streets in song and pure joy, (22) ________.

Lessons from My Students in Peru

One of the most life-changing trips I’ve ever been on was a volunteering experience of teaching languages in the stunning city of Cuzco in Peru. I spent a month there teaching English and Italian to a group of local adults. And even though my time there was short, the travel experience was so humbling (17) ________.

My lessons took the form of active conversations, (18) ________ between me and my students. Realising just how different their lives were from mine (19) ________ – made me look at my own life with a fresh new perspective.

One person spoke about the three years he spent living in a jungle with his dad, where they fed off of animals they hunted in order to survive. Another student told me about her ultimate dream of mastering English to become a tour guide, and have a more stable future. For me, these stories were a reminder of just (20) ________, and how much we can get consumed by the small bubbles we live in.

It was impossible not to feel inspired in Cuzco because my students always had the biggest smiles on their faces, and the locals showed me again and again (21) ________. I went to Peru to teach, but ended up learning more from my students and the locals there than they did from me.

Ever since I got back from that trip, I made it a goal to slow down and not take the simple things in life for granted. Every time I get upset about something, I think about the Peruvians in Cuzco parading their streets in song and pure joy, (22) ________.

Lessons from My Students in Peru

One of the most life-changing trips I’ve ever been on was a volunteering experience of teaching languages in the stunning city of Cuzco in Peru. I spent a month there teaching English and Italian to a group of local adults. And even though my time there was short, the travel experience was so humbling (17) ________.

My lessons took the form of active conversations, (18) ________ between me and my students. Realising just how different their lives were from mine (19) ________ – made me look at my own life with a fresh new perspective.

One person spoke about the three years he spent living in a jungle with his dad, where they fed off of animals they hunted in order to survive. Another student told me about her ultimate dream of mastering English to become a tour guide, and have a more stable future. For me, these stories were a reminder of just (20) ________, and how much we can get consumed by the small bubbles we live in.

It was impossible not to feel inspired in Cuzco because my students always had the biggest smiles on their faces, and the locals showed me again and again (21) ________. I went to Peru to teach, but ended up learning more from my students and the locals there than they did from me.

Ever since I got back from that trip, I made it a goal to slow down and not take the simple things in life for granted. Every time I get upset about something, I think about the Peruvians in Cuzco parading their streets in song and pure joy, (22) ________.

Eiffel Tower, France

The Eiffel Tower is one of the world’s most visited landmarks. It was built to show France’s industrial strength during the 1889 World’s Fair, and the original plan was to pull it down after 20 years. That was until Eiffel cleverly incorporated a radio antenna and wireless telegraph transmitter into the tower’s design. Later on, the tower was almost destroyed during World War II. The heat of the sun causes the iron of the tower to expand, making it grow a few centimetres during the summer months. A total of around 200 million people have visited the tower since its construction.

This tower ________.

Belem Tower, Portugal

Built on the northern bank of the Tagus river in Lisbon, in the early years of the 16th century, the Belem Tower acted as a defense structure to protect the Portuguese capital. Due to an earthquake that took place in 1755, the location of the Belem Tower shifted. Several Portuguese explorers would begin their journeys of discovering new routes and lands from this tower. Also called the ‘Tower of St. Vincent’, this fortified tower is also a UNESCO World Heritage site.

This tower ________.

The Two Towers of Bologna, Italy

There was a time when Bologna’s skyline featured as much as 180 tall towers. But over time, the number has declined and there are only 20 towers still standing today. Out of these 20 towers, the Asinelli and Garisenda towers, both leaning, are the most famous. It’s easy to see them thanks to their height that is 97 metres for the Asinelli, and 47 metres for the Garisenda. However, originally the height of the Garisenda was about 60 metres, until it was reduced in the 14th century to avoid the danger of its collapse.

This tower ________.

Galata Tower, Turkey

One of Istanbul’s fascinating structures is the Galata Tower, standing tall at about 220 metres. It features a conical-shaped top, making it look extremely attractive. There is an amazing restaurant as well as a café at the top, from where one can enjoy the Bosphorus Strait’s breathtaking views. The tower is closed if the wind speed reaches 40 km/h, or the temperature drops below -20 degrees Celsius, as well as whenever there is lightning. Built way back in 1348, the structure still stands strong and attracts lots of tourists every year.

This tower ________.

CN Tower, Canada

One of Canada’s most popular and most visited structures, the CN Tower in Toronto’s downtown stands amongst many skyscrapers, showcasing extraordinary beauty and brilliance. This concrete observation and communications tower was built on the former Railway Lands. Built in 1973, the 553-metre-high tower boasted of being the world’s tallest freestanding structure for 32 long years before the top spot was captured by Burj Khalifa. Interestingly, the tower survives an average of 75 lightning strikes per year!

This tower ________.

The Most Famous Towers of the World

Minaret of Jam, Afghanistan

The Minaret of Jam is a fascinating structure which continues to puzzle academics around the world. Is it a minaret? Or a monument symbolising the success of war? The minaret stands 65 metres tall in Afghanistan, in isolation apart from the ruins of a mosque constructed in the 12th century. The mosque got destroyed in a terrible flood. However, the minaret was not affected. Even more surprisingly, it wasn’t destroyed during the Mongol invasion and recent military conflicts, and today it stands still even after all the events that took place in the area.

This tower ________.

The History of Email

With billions of people all over the world sending emails every day, both at work and personally, we tend to take for granted this method of communication and consider email as an inherent part of our modern digital lives. In reality, however, email is a relatively recent luxury.

We have Ray Tomlinson to thank for initiating the incredible new era of communication that we now enjoy – he sent the first email in 1971. Tomlinson was born in New York, USA, in 1941. He started his impressive working career as a computer engineer. No one asked him to invent email – it was something that Tomlinson was working on as a personal side project.

Email began as an experiment to see if two computers could exchange a message. The concept of sending another person a message through a computer was not invented by Tomlinson because computer scientists had been exchanging messages on machines for years. Yet these previous forms of electronic communication only allowed people to send messages to other users of the same computer or to numbered mailboxes where the messages had to be printed out.

Tomlinson wanted to send messages to people, not mailboxes, so he decided to modify and combine the programmes that were already out there. Speaking to The Verge in 2012, Tomlinson said, “There was no really good way to leave messages for people. The telephone worked up to a point, but someone had to be there to receive the call. And if it wasn't the person you wanted to get, it was an administrative assistant or an answering service. That was the sort of mechanism you had to go through to leave a message, so everyone obsessed with the idea that you could leave messages on the computer.” Email was initially seen as a speedy way for programmers and researchers to keep in touch  – particularly targeted at those who can’t be relied on to answer their phones. Tomlinson was frequently asked what the first message was and to many people’s disappointment he said, “The test messages were entirely forgettable, and I have, therefore, forgotten them.”

In 1972, Ray Tomlinson sent the first email, using the @ symbol to indicate the location of the recipient. Tomlinson understood that he needed to use a symbol that would not appear in anyone’s name. The logical choice for Tomlinson was the only preposition on the keyboard – “at” sign, both because it was unlikely to appear in anyone’s name, and it turned an email address into a phrase: “user ‘at’ host”.

Queen Elizabeth II was the first head of state to use email. She tried out the electronic mail programme on 26 March, 1976 during a visit to the Royal Signals and Radar Establishment in Malvern, England. They gave her the username HME2 for “Her Majesty Elizabeth II.”

What Tomlinson didn’t invent was the term “email”. It wasn’t coined until several years later. By 1993 the word “electronic mail” had been replaced by “email” in the public lexicon and internet use became more widespread.

What is stated in the passage?

The History of Email

With billions of people all over the world sending emails every day, both at work and personally, we tend to take for granted this method of communication and consider email as an inherent part of our modern digital lives. In reality, however, email is a relatively recent luxury.

We have Ray Tomlinson to thank for initiating the incredible new era of communication that we now enjoy – he sent the first email in 1971. Tomlinson was born in New York, USA, in 1941. He started his impressive working career as a computer engineer. No one asked him to invent email – it was something that Tomlinson was working on as a personal side project.

Email began as an experiment to see if two computers could exchange a message. The concept of sending another person a message through a computer was not invented by Tomlinson because computer scientists had been exchanging messages on machines for years. Yet these previous forms of electronic communication only allowed people to send messages to other users of the same computer or to numbered mailboxes where the messages had to be printed out.

Tomlinson wanted to send messages to people, not mailboxes, so he decided to modify and combine the programmes that were already out there. Speaking to The Verge in 2012, Tomlinson said, “There was no really good way to leave messages for people. The telephone worked up to a point, but someone had to be there to receive the call. And if it wasn't the person you wanted to get, it was an administrative assistant or an answering service. That was the sort of mechanism you had to go through to leave a message, so everyone obsessed with the idea that you could leave messages on the computer.” Email was initially seen as a speedy way for programmers and researchers to keep in touch  – particularly targeted at those who can’t be relied on to answer their phones. Tomlinson was frequently asked what the first message was and to many people’s disappointment he said, “The test messages were entirely forgettable, and I have, therefore, forgotten them.”

In 1972, Ray Tomlinson sent the first email, using the @ symbol to indicate the location of the recipient. Tomlinson understood that he needed to use a symbol that would not appear in anyone’s name. The logical choice for Tomlinson was the only preposition on the keyboard – “at” sign, both because it was unlikely to appear in anyone’s name, and it turned an email address into a phrase: “user ‘at’ host”.

Queen Elizabeth II was the first head of state to use email. She tried out the electronic mail programme on 26 March, 1976 during a visit to the Royal Signals and Radar Establishment in Malvern, England. They gave her the username HME2 for “Her Majesty Elizabeth II.”

What Tomlinson didn’t invent was the term “email”. It wasn’t coined until several years later. By 1993 the word “electronic mail” had been replaced by “email” in the public lexicon and internet use became more widespread.

What did Ray Tomlinson want to do?

The History of Email

With billions of people all over the world sending emails every day, both at work and personally, we tend to take for granted this method of communication and consider email as an inherent part of our modern digital lives. In reality, however, email is a relatively recent luxury.

We have Ray Tomlinson to thank for initiating the incredible new era of communication that we now enjoy – he sent the first email in 1971. Tomlinson was born in New York, USA, in 1941. He started his impressive working career as a computer engineer. No one asked him to invent email – it was something that Tomlinson was working on as a personal side project.

Email began as an experiment to see if two computers could exchange a message. The concept of sending another person a message through a computer was not invented by Tomlinson because computer scientists had been exchanging messages on machines for years. Yet these previous forms of electronic communication only allowed people to send messages to other users of the same computer or to numbered mailboxes where the messages had to be printed out.

Tomlinson wanted to send messages to people, not mailboxes, so he decided to modify and combine the programmes that were already out there. Speaking to The Verge in 2012, Tomlinson said, “There was no really good way to leave messages for people. The telephone worked up to a point, but someone had to be there to receive the call. And if it wasn't the person you wanted to get, it was an administrative assistant or an answering service. That was the sort of mechanism you had to go through to leave a message, so everyone obsessed with the idea that you could leave messages on the computer.” Email was initially seen as a speedy way for programmers and researchers to keep in touch  – particularly targeted at those who can’t be relied on to answer their phones. Tomlinson was frequently asked what the first message was and to many people’s disappointment he said, “The test messages were entirely forgettable, and I have, therefore, forgotten them.”

In 1972, Ray Tomlinson sent the first email, using the @ symbol to indicate the location of the recipient. Tomlinson understood that he needed to use a symbol that would not appear in anyone’s name. The logical choice for Tomlinson was the only preposition on the keyboard – “at” sign, both because it was unlikely to appear in anyone’s name, and it turned an email address into a phrase: “user ‘at’ host”.

Queen Elizabeth II was the first head of state to use email. She tried out the electronic mail programme on 26 March, 1976 during a visit to the Royal Signals and Radar Establishment in Malvern, England. They gave her the username HME2 for “Her Majesty Elizabeth II.”

What Tomlinson didn’t invent was the term “email”. It wasn’t coined until several years later. By 1993 the word “electronic mail” had been replaced by “email” in the public lexicon and internet use became more widespread.

Before Ray Tomlinson’s invention it was impossible _______.

The History of Email

With billions of people all over the world sending emails every day, both at work and personally, we tend to take for granted this method of communication and consider email as an inherent part of our modern digital lives. In reality, however, email is a relatively recent luxury.

We have Ray Tomlinson to thank for initiating the incredible new era of communication that we now enjoy – he sent the first email in 1971. Tomlinson was born in New York, USA, in 1941. He started his impressive working career as a computer engineer. No one asked him to invent email – it was something that Tomlinson was working on as a personal side project.

Email began as an experiment to see if two computers could exchange a message. The concept of sending another person a message through a computer was not invented by Tomlinson because computer scientists had been exchanging messages on machines for years. Yet these previous forms of electronic communication only allowed people to send messages to other users of the same computer or to numbered mailboxes where the messages had to be printed out.

Tomlinson wanted to send messages to people, not mailboxes, so he decided to modify and combine the programmes that were already out there. Speaking to The Verge in 2012, Tomlinson said, “There was no really good way to leave messages for people. The telephone worked up to a point, but someone had to be there to receive the call. And if it wasn't the person you wanted to get, it was an administrative assistant or an answering service. That was the sort of mechanism you had to go through to leave a message, so everyone obsessed with the idea that you could leave messages on the computer.” Email was initially seen as a speedy way for programmers and researchers to keep in touch  – particularly targeted at those who can’t be relied on to answer their phones. Tomlinson was frequently asked what the first message was and to many people’s disappointment he said, “The test messages were entirely forgettable, and I have, therefore, forgotten them.”

In 1972, Ray Tomlinson sent the first email, using the @ symbol to indicate the location of the recipient. Tomlinson understood that he needed to use a symbol that would not appear in anyone’s name. The logical choice for Tomlinson was the only preposition on the keyboard – “at” sign, both because it was unlikely to appear in anyone’s name, and it turned an email address into a phrase: “user ‘at’ host”.

Queen Elizabeth II was the first head of state to use email. She tried out the electronic mail programme on 26 March, 1976 during a visit to the Royal Signals and Radar Establishment in Malvern, England. They gave her the username HME2 for “Her Majesty Elizabeth II.”

What Tomlinson didn’t invent was the term “email”. It wasn’t coined until several years later. By 1993 the word “electronic mail” had been replaced by “email” in the public lexicon and internet use became more widespread.

What does the author say about Ray Tomlinson?

The History of Email

With billions of people all over the world sending emails every day, both at work and personally, we tend to take for granted this method of communication and consider email as an inherent part of our modern digital lives. In reality, however, email is a relatively recent luxury.

We have Ray Tomlinson to thank for initiating the incredible new era of communication that we now enjoy – he sent the first email in 1971. Tomlinson was born in New York, USA, in 1941. He started his impressive working career as a computer engineer. No one asked him to invent email – it was something that Tomlinson was working on as a personal side project.

Email began as an experiment to see if two computers could exchange a message. The concept of sending another person a message through a computer was not invented by Tomlinson because computer scientists had been exchanging messages on machines for years. Yet these previous forms of electronic communication only allowed people to send messages to other users of the same computer or to numbered mailboxes where the messages had to be printed out.

Tomlinson wanted to send messages to people, not mailboxes, so he decided to modify and combine the programmes that were already out there. Speaking to The Verge in 2012, Tomlinson said, “There was no really good way to leave messages for people. The telephone worked up to a point, but someone had to be there to receive the call. And if it wasn't the person you wanted to get, it was an administrative assistant or an answering service. That was the sort of mechanism you had to go through to leave a message, so everyone obsessed with the idea that you could leave messages on the computer.” Email was initially seen as a speedy way for programmers and researchers to keep in touch  – particularly targeted at those who can’t be relied on to answer their phones. Tomlinson was frequently asked what the first message was and to many people’s disappointment he said, “The test messages were entirely forgettable, and I have, therefore, forgotten them.”

In 1972, Ray Tomlinson sent the first email, using the @ symbol to indicate the location of the recipient. Tomlinson understood that he needed to use a symbol that would not appear in anyone’s name. The logical choice for Tomlinson was the only preposition on the keyboard – “at” sign, both because it was unlikely to appear in anyone’s name, and it turned an email address into a phrase: “user ‘at’ host”.

Queen Elizabeth II was the first head of state to use email. She tried out the electronic mail programme on 26 March, 1976 during a visit to the Royal Signals and Radar Establishment in Malvern, England. They gave her the username HME2 for “Her Majesty Elizabeth II.”

What Tomlinson didn’t invent was the term “email”. It wasn’t coined until several years later. By 1993 the word “electronic mail” had been replaced by “email” in the public lexicon and internet use became more widespread.

What is mentioned in PARAGRAPH 1?

This advertisement is about ___________.

This advertisement is about ___________.

This advertisement is about ___________.

This advertisement is about ___________.

This advertisement is about ___________.

Moving Abroad

If the kids (28) _______, mum and dad are, too. That’s why when it comes to moving abroad, families that do not live in their own country say a welcoming environment for their children is at the top of the list of must-haves.

Moving abroad can be both exciting and scary for children, but it (29) _______ out by the unparalleled exposure to new cultures for the entire family, said Kate Berger, a psychologist in Amsterdam, (30) _______ specialises in expatriate children. Children living abroad develop skills that make them (31) _______ than their friends living at home.

“These kids usually develop a skillset that makes them uniquely (32) _______ for leadership positions and they are often more open-minded than their peers”, said Berger.