Read the text below. For questions (6–10) choose the correct answer (A, B, C or D).

16-year-old Australian Begins Her Solo Adventure

A 16-year-old Australian girl sailed her yacht out of Sydney harbour today, beginning an attempt to become the youngest person to single-handedly navigate the globe unassisted, despite concerns over her age and expertise. If all goes to plan, Jessica Watson will spend the next eight months alone on board her 10-metre vessel, navigating 28,000 miles through some of the world’s most dangerous seas.

Around 100 boats gathered under grey skies in the harbour to see her off. Watson did not speak to reporters before she left, but her mother, Julie, posted an update on the solo sailor’s blog. “I know you are all anxious to hear from Jess, but she’s a little preoccupied on her first day, so she asked me to post a quick note to let everyone know that the departure went well this morning,” she wrote.

While Watson’s family insists the teenager is a sufficiently skilled and experienced sailor, with expertise in navigation, electronics and maritime safety, her plan has sparked a debate in Australia about whether someone so young is ready for such a challenge. There was further worry after Watson’s yacht collided with a Chinese cargo ship last month.

Some of Australia’s most experienced sailors, and the government of Watson’s home state, Queensland, have urged her not to go ahead with the voyage. Watson will be in contact with her family and support team via radio and email, as well as updating her blog. “I think a lot of Australians are nervous for Jessica. I’m nervous for her,” the country’s deputy Prime Minister, Julia Gillard, told Nine Network TV. “Since she’s determined to go, I wish her the best of luck and urge her to keep safe.”

A British 17-year-old, Mike Perham, became the youngest solo round-the-world sailor in August following a nine-month voyage, although a stop for repairs ’en route’ meant his trip did not count as unassisted. The youngest sailor to complete the voyage unassisted is another Australian, Jesse Martin, who was 18 when he completed it in 1999. 

The expression ’en route’ in line 27 is closest in meaning to ______ .

Read the texts below. Match choices (A–H) to (11–16). There are two choices you do not need to use.

At this restaurant ______ .

Read the texts below. Match choices (A–H) to (11–16). There are two choices you do not need to use.

At this restaurant ______ .

Read the texts below. Match choices (A–H) to (11–16). There are two choices you do not need to use.

At this restaurant ______ .

Read the texts below. Match choices (A–H) to (11–16). There are two choices you do not need to use.

At this restaurant ______ .

Read the texts below. Match choices (A–H) to (11–16). There are two choices you do not need to use.

At this restaurant ______ .

Read the texts below. Match choices (A–H) to (11–16). There are two choices you do not need to use.

At this restaurant ______ .

Read the text below. Choose from (A–H) the one which best fits each space (17–22). There are two choices you do not need to use.

Amazon Parrots

Amazon parrots are native to the New World. Indeed, (17) ______ that he brought back to Europe after his first voyage here. There are 27 species of Amazon parrot. Most parrot species are bred successfully in captivity and several types of Amazons are available from breeders and pet stores here in Canada. Prices generally range, depending on the species, from 800 to 1600, (18) ______ .

Amazon parrots are very good at talking and imitating sounds. One test subject, Alex — a parrot, can name about 40 objects, identify seven different colours, and say whether two objects are the same or different; and indisputably, (19) ______ . Studies put the intelligence of these feathered chatterboxes on the same level as three-year-old humans, dolphins and monkeys.

Amazons are actually very similar in personality to monkeys. Parrots are very energetic, playful, social creatures that crave lots of interaction with their human owners. The best pet birds are hand-raised and have bonded early with human companions. More than other parrot species, (20) ______ . They can be, at different times, loud, quiet, stubborn, silly, playfully aggressive or irritable. They will play and fight with their toys for hours on end (21) ______ . Sometimes, an Amazon may temporarily become quite aggressive. Careless owners have had fingers or ears bitten.

You really have to understand your bird’s moods and behaviours (22) ______ . Amazon parrots are definitely not for all pet owners, they need much more love and attention than most people would expect. Owning an Amazon is very similar to owning a dog with wings.

Indeed, (17) ______ that he brought back to Europe after his first voyage here.

Read the text below. Choose from (A–H) the one which best fits each space (17–22). There are two choices you do not need to use.

Amazon Parrots

Amazon parrots are native to the New World. Indeed, (17) ______ that he brought back to Europe after his first voyage here. There are 27 species of Amazon parrot. Most parrot species are bred successfully in captivity and several types of Amazons are available from breeders and pet stores here in Canada. Prices generally range, depending on the species, from 800 to 1600, (18) ______ .

Amazon parrots are very good at talking and imitating sounds. One test subject, Alex — a parrot, can name about 40 objects, identify seven different colours, and say whether two objects are the same or different; and indisputably, (19) ______ . Studies put the intelligence of these feathered chatterboxes on the same level as three-year-old humans, dolphins and monkeys.

Amazons are actually very similar in personality to monkeys. Parrots are very energetic, playful, social creatures that crave lots of interaction with their human owners. The best pet birds are hand-raised and have bonded early with human companions. More than other parrot species, (20) ______ . They can be, at different times, loud, quiet, stubborn, silly, playfully aggressive or irritable. They will play and fight with their toys for hours on end (21) ______ . Sometimes, an Amazon may temporarily become quite aggressive. Careless owners have had fingers or ears bitten.

You really have to understand your bird’s moods and behaviours (22) ______ . Amazon parrots are definitely not for all pet owners, they need much more love and attention than most people would expect. Owning an Amazon is very similar to owning a dog with wings.

Prices generally range, depending on the species, from 800 to 1600, (18) ______ .

Read the text below. Choose from (A–H) the one which best fits each space (17–22). There are two choices you do not need to use.

Amazon Parrots

Amazon parrots are native to the New World. Indeed, (17) ______ that he brought back to Europe after his first voyage here. There are 27 species of Amazon parrot. Most parrot species are bred successfully in captivity and several types of Amazons are available from breeders and pet stores here in Canada. Prices generally range, depending on the species, from 800 to 1600, (18) ______ .

Amazon parrots are very good at talking and imitating sounds. One test subject, Alex — a parrot, can name about 40 objects, identify seven different colours, and say whether two objects are the same or different; and indisputably, (19) ______ . Studies put the intelligence of these feathered chatterboxes on the same level as three-year-old humans, dolphins and monkeys.

Amazons are actually very similar in personality to monkeys. Parrots are very energetic, playful, social creatures that crave lots of interaction with their human owners. The best pet birds are hand-raised and have bonded early with human companions. More than other parrot species, (20) ______ . They can be, at different times, loud, quiet, stubborn, silly, playfully aggressive or irritable. They will play and fight with their toys for hours on end (21) ______ . Sometimes, an Amazon may temporarily become quite aggressive. Careless owners have had fingers or ears bitten.

You really have to understand your bird’s moods and behaviours (22) ______ . Amazon parrots are definitely not for all pet owners, they need much more love and attention than most people would expect. Owning an Amazon is very similar to owning a dog with wings.

One test subject, Alex — a parrot, can name about 40 objects, identify seven different colours, and say whether two objects are the same or different; and indisputably, (19) ______ .

Read the text below. Choose from (A–H) the one which best fits each space (17–22). There are two choices you do not need to use.

Amazon Parrots

Amazon parrots are native to the New World. Indeed, (17) ______ that he brought back to Europe after his first voyage here. There are 27 species of Amazon parrot. Most parrot species are bred successfully in captivity and several types of Amazons are available from breeders and pet stores here in Canada. Prices generally range, depending on the species, from 800 to 1600, (18) ______ .

Amazon parrots are very good at talking and imitating sounds. One test subject, Alex — a parrot, can name about 40 objects, identify seven different colours, and say whether two objects are the same or different; and indisputably, (19) ______ . Studies put the intelligence of these feathered chatterboxes on the same level as three-year-old humans, dolphins and monkeys.

Amazons are actually very similar in personality to monkeys. Parrots are very energetic, playful, social creatures that crave lots of interaction with their human owners. The best pet birds are hand-raised and have bonded early with human companions. More than other parrot species, (20) ______ . They can be, at different times, loud, quiet, stubborn, silly, playfully aggressive or irritable. They will play and fight with their toys for hours on end (21) ______ . Sometimes, an Amazon may temporarily become quite aggressive. Careless owners have had fingers or ears bitten.

You really have to understand your bird’s moods and behaviours (22) ______ . Amazon parrots are definitely not for all pet owners, they need much more love and attention than most people would expect. Owning an Amazon is very similar to owning a dog with wings.

More than other parrot species, (20) ______ .

Read the text below. Choose from (A–H) the one which best fits each space (17–22). There are two choices you do not need to use.

Amazon Parrots

Amazon parrots are native to the New World. Indeed, (17) ______ that he brought back to Europe after his first voyage here. There are 27 species of Amazon parrot. Most parrot species are bred successfully in captivity and several types of Amazons are available from breeders and pet stores here in Canada. Prices generally range, depending on the species, from 800 to 1600, (18) ______ .

Amazon parrots are very good at talking and imitating sounds. One test subject, Alex — a parrot, can name about 40 objects, identify seven different colours, and say whether two objects are the same or different; and indisputably, (19) ______ . Studies put the intelligence of these feathered chatterboxes on the same level as three-year-old humans, dolphins and monkeys.

Amazons are actually very similar in personality to monkeys. Parrots are very energetic, playful, social creatures that crave lots of interaction with their human owners. The best pet birds are hand-raised and have bonded early with human companions. More than other parrot species, (20) ______ . They can be, at different times, loud, quiet, stubborn, silly, playfully aggressive or irritable. They will play and fight with their toys for hours on end (21) ______ . Sometimes, an Amazon may temporarily become quite aggressive. Careless owners have had fingers or ears bitten.

You really have to understand your bird’s moods and behaviours (22) ______ . Amazon parrots are definitely not for all pet owners, they need much more love and attention than most people would expect. Owning an Amazon is very similar to owning a dog with wings.

They will play and fight with their toys for hours on end (21) ______ .

Read the text below. Choose from (A–H) the one which best fits each space (17–22). There are two choices you do not need to use.

Amazon Parrots

Amazon parrots are native to the New World. Indeed, (17) ______ that he brought back to Europe after his first voyage here. There are 27 species of Amazon parrot. Most parrot species are bred successfully in captivity and several types of Amazons are available from breeders and pet stores here in Canada. Prices generally range, depending on the species, from 800 to 1600, (18) ______ .

Amazon parrots are very good at talking and imitating sounds. One test subject, Alex — a parrot, can name about 40 objects, identify seven different colours, and say whether two objects are the same or different; and indisputably, (19) ______ . Studies put the intelligence of these feathered chatterboxes on the same level as three-year-old humans, dolphins and monkeys.

Amazons are actually very similar in personality to monkeys. Parrots are very energetic, playful, social creatures that crave lots of interaction with their human owners. The best pet birds are hand-raised and have bonded early with human companions. More than other parrot species, (20) ______ . They can be, at different times, loud, quiet, stubborn, silly, playfully aggressive or irritable. They will play and fight with their toys for hours on end (21) ______ . Sometimes, an Amazon may temporarily become quite aggressive. Careless owners have had fingers or ears bitten.

You really have to understand your bird’s moods and behaviours (22) ______ . Amazon parrots are definitely not for all pet owners, they need much more love and attention than most people would expect. Owning an Amazon is very similar to owning a dog with wings.

You really have to understand your bird’s moods and behaviours (22) ______ .

Read the text below. For questions (23–32) choose the correct answer (A, B, C or D).

Advertising

Whether it is in print or on television, radio, or billboards, advertising profoundly (23) ______ our life. The ads we see, hear, and smell (in the case of open-and-sniff perfume inserts in magazines) (24) ______ how we feel and what we think about a wide range of products. Companies pay a lot of money to persuade us that their products are the best.

Advertising has a long history in North America. As early as the 1600s, ads were used to (25) ______ English settlers to the Colonies. According to historian Daniel Boorstin, these brochures (26) ______ “hopeful overstatements, half-truths, and downright lies…”

In the 1700s famous (27) ______ were involved in the advertising business, (28) ______ them Benjamin Franklin, who ran ads in his publications. And with the boom in mass-circulation magazines, the advertising became the powerful force it is today. Television arrived in the 1940s and (29) ______ a new, action-packed advertising medium.

Creating a good ad isn’t as (30) ______ as it might seem. One key is to find the right spokes person. An effective approach is to have the company president speak. Still another option is to create (31) ______ characters, such as the Speedy Alka-Seltzer fellow, or an animated parrot (Gillette).

A memorable slogan is helpful as well: “I can’t (32) ______ I ate the whole thing”; “Where is the beef?”; “You deserve a break today”…

Whether it is in print or on television, radio, or billboards, advertising profoundly (23) ______ our life.