When teaching skimming, an effective task for this exercise is:

A teacher introduces new vocabulary and a grammar structure. Students complete written exercises in their books based on this new material. The teacher then checks the answers during a class, and finally, students are asked to compare their answers with a partner. After that students make a story using target vocabulary and grammar. Which established teaching methodology model does this sequence of activities correspond to?

Identify an appropriate instruction for a communicative activity.

METHODOLOGY OF TEACHING ENGLISH AS A SECOND LANGUAGE

Task 9

In the context of the lexical minimum, phrasal verbs (e.g., call off) and common collocations (e.g., pay attention) are primarily classified as:

Emma Thompson and Ruth Wilson team up in this suspense series based on one of Mick Herron's novels, the first of his four (49) ________ books. Thompson plays Zoё, in a leather jacket and with punk-white hair, who, with her meek husband, is a partner in a struggling detective agency. Wilson plays Sarah Tucker, an Oxford-based art restorer. When an explosion destroys a house in Sarah's suburban neighbourhood, she becomes obsessed (50) ________ finding a little girl who was injured in the blast and then disappeared from the hospital, and enlists Zoё's agency to help. As violent acts start piling up, we know much sooner than Zoё and Sarah that MI5 is somehow involved.

Emma Thompson and Ruth Wilson team up in this suspense series based on one of Mick Herron's novels, the first of his four (49) ________ books. Thompson plays Zoё, in a leather jacket and with punk-white hair, who, with her meek husband, is a partner in a struggling detective agency. Wilson plays Sarah Tucker, an Oxford-based art restorer. When an explosion destroys a house in Sarah's suburban neighbourhood, she becomes obsessed (50) ________ finding a little girl who was injured in the blast and then disappeared from the hospital, and enlists Zoё's agency to help. As violent acts start piling up, we know much sooner than Zoё and Sarah that MI5 is somehow involved.

Only in Stephen King's world could a welcome message sound so menacing. Pennywise, the evil clown played by Bill Skarsgard in the films It (2017) and It: Chapter Two (2019), had to start somewhere, and Skarsgård returns in this prequel (47) ________ series, based on the "interlude" chapters in the King novel that inspired the films. The show is set in (48) ________ in Derry, Maine (far from the Ireland of Derry Girls), where a couple with a young son has just moved to town. They soon learn that another boy has recently disappeared, and we know who to suspect is behind it. Andy Muschietti, who directed both It films, directed several episodes of the series and is one of its creators.

Only in Stephen King's world could a welcome message sound so menacing. Pennywise, the evil clown played by Bill Skarsgard in the films It (2017) and It: Chapter Two (2019), had to start somewhere, and Skarsgård returns in this prequel (47) ________ series, based on the "interlude" chapters in the King novel that inspired the films. The show is set in (48) ________ in Derry, Maine (far from the Ireland of Derry Girls), where a couple with a young son has just moved to town. They soon learn that another boy has recently disappeared, and we know who to suspect is behind it. Andy Muschietti, who directed both It films, directed several episodes of the series and is one of its creators.

In a dynamic third season of The Diplomat, the wily Grace Penn (Allison Janney) has become the US President, (45) ________ the equally wily Nicol Trowbridge (Rory Kinnear) is still the British Prime Minister. It's a race to see which world leader can be more vile. In the middle of it all once more is Kate Wyler (Keri Russell), the US Ambassador to the UK, who, to the series' benefit, has always acted more like the CIA agent she used to be. Will she become vice president, despite having previously disapproved (46) ________ this job? That question leads to a jaw-dropping twist. Russell and the show's writers deftly explore the tensions between Kate's professional and private lives. And Rufus Sewell is more central than ever as her husband Hal. Sewell makes him perfectly frustrating and also irresistible.

In a dynamic third season of The Diplomat, the wily Grace Penn (Allison Janney) has become the US President, (45) ________ the equally wily Nicol Trowbridge (Rory Kinnear) is still the British Prime Minister. It's a race to see which world leader can be more vile. In the middle of it all once more is Kate Wyler (Keri Russell), the US Ambassador to the UK, who, to the series' benefit, has always acted more like the CIA agent she used to be. Will she become vice president, despite having previously disapproved (46) ________ this job? That question leads to a jaw-dropping twist. Russell and the show's writers deftly explore the tensions between Kate's professional and private lives. And Rufus Sewell is more central than ever as her husband Hal. Sewell makes him perfectly frustrating and also irresistible.

Martin Scorsese wasn't going to let just anyone (43) ________ a documentary about his life and work. The director, Rebecca Miller (Personal Velocity, Maggie's Plan), was given great access in putting together this series about one of the most important filmmakers of our time. If Scorsese had made only Taxi Driver, Raging Bull, or Goodfellas, that (44) ________ enough to put him in the pantheon of directors, but his career, with moral questions always at the centre of his films, encompasses so much more. This series is unmissable for any film lover.

Task 8

Martin Scorsese wasn't going to let just anyone (43) ________ a documentary about his life and work. The director, Rebecca Miller (Personal Velocity, Maggie's Plan), was given great access in putting together this series about one of the most important filmmakers of our time. If Scorsese had made only Taxi Driver, Raging Bull, or Goodfellas, that (44) ________ enough to put him in the pantheon of directors, but his career, with moral questions always at the centre of his films, encompasses so much more. This series is unmissable for any film lover.

The mystery of why leaves change colour in autumn

Although the chemistry of autumn colours is well understood, there is an ongoing and lively debate among scientists about why trees evolved their vivid autumn colours in the first place.

Driving north through Duchess County, New York, in mid-October, I'm (35) ________ by the resplendent golden yellows and fiery red leaves. The pops of colour break open like fireworks when the sunlight (36) ________ across the leaves. It's a harbinger that colder months lie ahead.

Yet, despite receiving so much attention, we still don't really know why trees (37) ________ this transformation in the first place. Leaves that turn yellow were actually always yellow – the colour comes from a set of biochemical pigments known as carotenoids. These are simply revealed once the green chlorophyll in the leaves breaks down and the nutrients are reabsorbed by the plants as they prepare to (38) ________ for the harsh winter weather.

One leading theory proposes that red leaf colour may have co-evolved alongside pests, acting as a (39) ________ signal to ward off insects.

It would be easy to assume that the pattern of red-leaf (40) ________ perhaps follows simple differences in temperature. But the idea is still contested. “There is no one photoprotection study that shows the answer unambiguously,” says Wilkinson. “Our understanding is instead based on multiple studies tending to suggest the same thing.”

The insect co-evolution theory, by comparison, suggests that trees have evolved to change their leaf colours as a warning to deciduous leaf-eating insects, such as aphids.

Aphids are destructive creatures, and an infestation could do significant harm to a tree, so the idea of it using colour to ward off these insects seems (41) ________. But several academic papers over the years have contested this theory.

A major crack in the argument is how aphids see and respond to colour. Aphids, along with other leaf-eating insects such as locusts and caterpillars, do not possess receptors in their eyes that enable them to perceive the red colour the way humans do. To them, it looks dull, grey, or even black.

Considering all this, Renner does not believe the co-evolution theory (42) ________. Gallinat, however, isn't so sure. “Some of those findings that support that hypothesis, I think, are still pretty reasonable.”

The mystery of why leaves change colour in autumn

Although the chemistry of autumn colours is well understood, there is an ongoing and lively debate among scientists about why trees evolved their vivid autumn colours in the first place.

Driving north through Duchess County, New York, in mid-October, I'm (35) ________ by the resplendent golden yellows and fiery red leaves. The pops of colour break open like fireworks when the sunlight (36) ________ across the leaves. It's a harbinger that colder months lie ahead.

Yet, despite receiving so much attention, we still don't really know why trees (37) ________ this transformation in the first place. Leaves that turn yellow were actually always yellow – the colour comes from a set of biochemical pigments known as carotenoids. These are simply revealed once the green chlorophyll in the leaves breaks down and the nutrients are reabsorbed by the plants as they prepare to (38) ________ for the harsh winter weather.

One leading theory proposes that red leaf colour may have co-evolved alongside pests, acting as a (39) ________ signal to ward off insects.

It would be easy to assume that the pattern of red-leaf (40) ________ perhaps follows simple differences in temperature. But the idea is still contested. “There is no one photoprotection study that shows the answer unambiguously,” says Wilkinson. “Our understanding is instead based on multiple studies tending to suggest the same thing.”

The insect co-evolution theory, by comparison, suggests that trees have evolved to change their leaf colours as a warning to deciduous leaf-eating insects, such as aphids.

Aphids are destructive creatures, and an infestation could do significant harm to a tree, so the idea of it using colour to ward off these insects seems (41) ________. But several academic papers over the years have contested this theory.

A major crack in the argument is how aphids see and respond to colour. Aphids, along with other leaf-eating insects such as locusts and caterpillars, do not possess receptors in their eyes that enable them to perceive the red colour the way humans do. To them, it looks dull, grey, or even black.

Considering all this, Renner does not believe the co-evolution theory (42) ________. Gallinat, however, isn't so sure. “Some of those findings that support that hypothesis, I think, are still pretty reasonable.”